人体内硒检测与富硒食品开发的研究进展

硒元素在抗氧化和疾病预防中发挥着不可忽视的作用，近些年来有关硒与人体健康的关系研究越来越多，尤其是硒的生理功能与疾病之间的相关性。因此，通过适当的硒检测技术精准测定人体内硒含量，进而反映人体内硒水平对指导精准化补硒具有重要意义。由于人体所需的硒不能由自身合成，需要通过外界摄入，日常补硒方式中，膳食补硒较硒营养补充剂更为合适。富硒食品作为膳食补硒的主要来源，开发富硒食品对膳食补硒具有重要意义。本文详细阐述了硒在人体的吸收代谢途径，介绍了有机硒和无机硒在人体内的吸收方式及转运途径。同时阐述了用于精确表征人体硒水平的硒生物标记物，包括传统硒生物标记物和新兴标记物。此外，结合标记物对传统硒检测技术进行了分析，并针对分析出的不足，从新型硒检测技术中检测前预处理优化、技术联用及技术创新等方面出发，开展了相关论述。富硒食品的开发对膳食补硒具有重要的价值，概述了天然和人工富硒食品，并重点介绍了生物转化方式和纳米技术在人工富硒食品开发中的应用。

Research Progress of Selenium Detection in Human Body and Development of Selenium-rich Food

Selenium plays an important role in anti-oxidation and disease prevention.In recent years,more and more studies have been conducted on the relationship between Selenium and human health,especially the correlation between the physiological functions of Selenium and diseases.Therefore,the characterization of Selenium levels in the human body requires appropriate Selenium detection technology to accurately determine the Selenium content in the human body,which is of great significance for guiding accurate selenium supplementation.Since the Selenium needed by the human body cannot be synthesized by itself and needs to be taken in from the outside,dietary Selenium supplementation is more suitable as a daily Selenium supplementation method than Selenium nutritional supplements.As the main source of dietary Selenium,its development is of great significance to dietary Selenium.This review describes the absorption and metabolism pathways of organic and inorganic Selenium in the human body in detail,and introduces their absorption methods and transport pathways.At the same time,the Selenium biomarkers used to accurately characterize the human Selenium level are described,including traditional Selenium biomarkers and emerging markers.In addition,the traditional Selenium detection technology is analyzed in combination with markers.Regarding the shortcomings in the traditional technology,the new Selenium detection technology is described with the optimization of pre-detection pre-treatment,technical combination and technological innovation as the main content.The development of Selenium-enriched food has important value for dietary Selenium supplementation.Natural and artificial Selenium-enriched foods are described,and the application of biotransformation methods and nanotechnology in the development of artificial Selenium-enriched foods is highlighted.