基于层次-关联度和主成分分析的无核鲜食葡萄品质评价

通过对银川引种的10个无核鲜食葡萄果实品质的综合评价，筛选出品质优良品种，为宁夏地区鲜食葡萄发展提供可开发资源的科学依据。对供试品种的14个基本品质指标进行观察测定，应用层次-关联度和主成分分析综合评价了无核鲜食葡萄品质，并根据综合得分进行排序。结果表明，在层次-关联度分析中，建立了3个层次，分别是目标层、准则层、指标层，目标层即为果实综合品质，准则层分为外观品质和内在品质，内在品质权重值为0.6，外观品质权重值0.4，指标层香味、风味权重赋值最高，分别是0.1535和0.1413，而单粒重和单穗重是影响外在品质的重要因素，权重值是0.1087和0.1062，‘瑞峰无核’的外观品质表现最好，加权关联度是0.7477，‘爱神玫瑰’的内在品质表现最好，加权关联度是0.9131，综合品质表现最优是‘爱神玫瑰’，其次是‘无核翠宝’，然后是‘夏黑’，加权关联度依次是0.8006、0.7732、0.7291；主成分分析法提取了4个主成分，累积贡献率达到86.332%，第一主成分的总酸、固酸比、糖酸比、风味和香味起主要影响；第二主成分的果皮厚度、果粒整齐度、单穗重和果穗紧密度对其影响大；第三主成分的单粒重、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖和风味对其的影响大；第四主成分的着色一致性和维生素C含量对其的影响大，综合得分最高的是‘无核翠宝’，其次是‘夏黑’，然后是‘爱神玫瑰’，得分依次是1.31、1.17、1.02，综合得分最低的是‘无核白鸡心’，得分为-2.11。两种分析方法综合得分排名前三的均是‘无核翠宝’、‘爱神玫瑰’和‘夏黑’，排名末位的均是‘无核白鸡心’，可作为今后优良品种区试推广的理论依据。

Quality Assessment of Seedless Table Grapes Based on Hierarchy-relation and Principal Component Analysis

The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate fruit quality of 10 seedless table grapes cultivars cultivated in Yinchuan area by using analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis,which was aimed to provide reference for selecting high-quality table grape cultivars.The 10 seedless table grapes were taken as materials,and 14 basic quality indicators were measured,the quality of fruit were further analyzed by using analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis,and sorted according to the comprehensive score.The results showed that three levels were set up in the hierarchical-relational analysis,the target layer was the comprehensive quality of the fruits,and the criterion layer was divided into appearance quality and intrinsic quality.The intrinsic quality weight value was 0.6,and the appearance quality weight value was 0.4.The index layer had the highest flavor and flavor weights,which were 0.1535 and 0.1413,respectively.The spikelets and single grain weight were important factors affecting external quality,and the weight values were 0.1087 and 0.1062.‘Ruifeng Wuhe’had the best appearance quality,with a weighted correlation of 0.7477,and‘Eros Rose’had the best internal quality,with a weighted correlation of 0.9131.The best comprehensive quality performance was‘Eros Rose’,followed by‘Wuhecuibao’,then‘Summer Black’,and the weighted correlations were 0.8006,0.7732,0.7291 in order.Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis,and cumulative contribution rate reached 86.332%.The total acid,solid acid ratio,sugar-acid ratio,flavor and aroma of the first principal component played an important role.And the thickness of the second principal component,fruit grain uniformity,single panicle weight and fruit panicle compactness had a great influence on it.The single grain weight,soluble solids,soluble sugar and flavor of the third principal component had a great effect on it.The color consistency of the fourth principal component and the content of vitamin C had a great effect on it.The highest comprehensive score was‘Wuhecuibao’,followed by‘Summer Black’,and then‘Eros Rose’,with 1.31,1.17 and 1.02 respectively.The lowest comprehensive score was‘Centennial’,with-2.11.The top three scores were‘Wuhecuibao’,‘Aishen Meigui’,and‘Summer Black’,at the bottom of the ranking was‘Centennial’,which comprehensive analyzed of analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis.The combination of analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis to evaluate fruit quality was reliable,which could be used as a theoretical basis for the regional test promotion of fine varieties in the future.