晚熟桃采后褐腐病致病菌的分离鉴定及拮抗菌对其防治效果的研究

为了明确晚熟桃采后褐腐病的主要致病菌以及拮抗菌对其防治效果,以晚熟桃品种"映霜红"为试材,采用传统的形态学方法和18S-rDNA分子生物学方法对褐腐病病原菌进行分离鉴定,同时,进一步选用四种拮抗菌对晚熟桃褐腐病进行预防处理,研究其对晚熟桃褐腐病的生物防治效果。结果表明,从晚熟桃上分离的褐腐病病原菌属于真菌界子囊菌门(Ascomycota),柔膜菌目(Helotiales),核盘菌科(Sclerotiniaceae),核盘菌属(Sclerotinia),该病菌有伤接种发病率为100%。四种芽孢杆菌B001、B1、HB-2、B579对褐腐病病斑扩展均具有较好抑制效果,其中,B001、B579提前1 d和2 d预防效果显著好于0 d预防效果(p<0.05);B1、HB-2提前1 d预防处理显著好于其他两组(p<0.05)。四种拮抗菌还能够抑制晚熟桃贮藏过程中的V_C、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量降低和硬度下降。芽孢杆菌在晚熟桃采后褐腐病的生物防治中具有较好的应用潜力。

Isolation and identification of pathogen caused postharvest brown rot of late-ripening peach and bio-control effects of antagonistic bacteria

In order to define the main pathogen caused postharvest brown rot of late-ripening peach and control effect of antagonistic bacteria,"Yingshuanghong" late-ripening peaches were used as the test materials. Then traditional morphological methods and 18S-rDNA molecular biology method was used to identify the pathogen caused postharvest brown rot of late-ripening peach. At the same time,four kinds of antagonistic bacteria were used to prevent postharvest brown rot of late-ripening peach. Results showed that,in this study,pathogen separated from brown rot of late-ripening peach belongs to fungi,Ascomycota,Ascomycetes,Helotiales,Sclerotiniaceae,Sclerotinia and the fungi injury incidence was 100%. The inhibition effect of four kinds of Bacillus B001,B1,HB-2,and B579 to brown rot disease was significant. The inhibitory effect of B001 and B579 ahead of 1 d or 2 d prevention treatment was inhibitory effect significantly higher than 0 d treatment(p<0.05). The inhibitory effect of B1 and HB-2 ahead of 1 d prevention treatment was significantly higher than the other two groups(p<0.05). At the same time,the four kinds of antagonistic bacteria,a certain extent,could inhibit the decrease of V_C content,soluble solids content,titratable acid content and hardness of late-ripening peach. The antagonistic bacteria,which in biological control of postharvest brown rot of late-ripening peach,has good application potential.