壳聚糖基复合膜的成膜机理和特性研究进展

壳聚糖通过分子内和分子间氢键连接形成具有粘性的成膜溶液，流延干燥后可形成高透明度的可食膜。又因壳聚糖膜具有一定的机械性能、阻气性和抑菌性，已广泛应用于食品贴体包装，来提高食品质量。纯壳聚糖膜的力学性能、阻水性等不能满足理想包装的高保护性、高防潮性的要求，限制了其在食品包装方面的应用。在实际生产中，壳聚糖常与其他成膜材料、抗菌物质复合，改善其机械性能、阻隔性及抑菌性能，延长食品货架期。本文概述了壳聚糖的制备、纯壳聚糖膜的成膜机理和特性；重点综述了壳聚糖分子上的氨基、羟基等与多糖类（如淀粉、果胶）、蛋白质类（如明胶）、脂质（如甘油、植物精油）等聚合物分子上的羰基、羟基、乙酰基等通过氢键、静电相互作用，形成抗拉强度高、阻气性好、抑菌能力强的复合膜，为壳聚糖复合膜的开发和应用、提高食品安全性提供技术支持。

Research Progress on the Film-forming Mechanism and Characteristics of Chitosan-based Composite Membranes

Chitosan can form a viscous solution by intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the solution can salivate into a edible film with high transparency. Because chitosan film has certain mechanical properties, gas barrier properties and antibacterial properties, it has been widely used in food packaging to improve food quality. The mechanical properties, and water resistance of the pure chitosan film cannot meet the requirements of high protection and high moisture resistance of ideal packaging, which limit its application in food packaging. Actually, chitosan can often compound with other materials to improve its mechanical properties, barrier properties and fresh-keeping properties, and extend the shelf life of food. This article summarizes the preparation of chitosan, the film formation mechanism characteristics of pure chitosan film; and focuses that the amino and hydroxyl groups on chitosan molecules interact with the carbonyl, hydroxyl and acetyl groups on the polysaccharides(such as starch and pectin), proteins(such as gelatin), and antibacterial(such as glycerole, plant essential oils) through hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds, and forms a composite film with high tensile strength, good gas barrier properties, and strong antibacterial ability. It can provide the technical support of the development and application in chitosan composite film, and the food safety is improved, too.