不同发酵方式对酸豆角品质和风味的影响

为了提高酸豆角的品质，本研究以新鲜豆角为原料，采用自然湿法发酵和纯种湿法发酵腌制酸豆角。通过对不同方法腌制过程中pH、总酸、氨基酸态氮、还原糖和总糖及亚硝酸盐含量进行测定，并对发酵后酸豆角进行质构分析，探究自然湿法发酵和纯种（植物乳杆菌接种量为0.04 g/kg）湿法发酵对酸豆角品质的影响；结合感官评分和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）对发酵后酸豆角的风味成分进行解析。结果表明:发酵过程中，纯种湿法发酵酸豆角中pH、总酸、氨基酸态氮和亚硝酸盐含量均低于自然湿法发酵；还原糖和总糖含量的消耗速率高于自然湿法发酵。发酵后，纯种湿法发酵酸豆角的硬度、脆度及感官评分均优于自然湿法发酵。两种方式腌制的酸豆角中挥发性风味物质较为相近，且酯类、酸类和醇类物质含量较高。与自然湿法发酵相比，纯种湿法发酵酸豆角缩短了发酵周期，降低了亚硝酸含量且最低含量为0.035 mg/kg，保持了与自然发酵酸豆角相近的风味，该研究为酸豆角的品质优化和风味成分解析提供一定参考价值。

Effects of Different Fermentation Methods on the Quality and Flavor of Pickled Cowpeas

To enhance the quality of pickled cowpeas, the natural wet fermentation and pure-bred wet fermentation were used to ferment cowpeas in this research, and the fresh cowpea from Liuzhou, Guangxi as raw materials. To explore the effects of natural wet fermentation and wet fermentation with an inoculum of 0.04 g/kg of Lactobacillus plantarum on the quality of pickled cowpeas, the pH, total acid, amino acid nitrogen, reducing sugar, total sugar and nitrite content were determined during the curing process of different methods, and the texture analysis of fermented cowpeas was detected. The sensory score and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to assess the flavor components of pickled cowpeas. The results indicated that the pH, total acid, amino acid nitrogen and nitrite content of pure-bred wet pickled cowpeas were lower than those of natural wet fermentation during the fermentation process. The consumption rate of reducing sugar and total sugar was higher than that of natural wet fermentation. After fermentation, the hardness, crispness and sensory scores of pure-bred wet fermented cowpeas were higher than those of natural wet pickled cowpeas. The volatile flavors in pickled cowpeas with different fermentation methods were similar, and the content of esters, acids, and alcohols was higher. Compared with natural wet fermentation, the pure-bred wet fermentation shortened the fermentation cycle of cowpeas, and the content of nitrous acid was significantly reduced which was 0.035 mg/kg at minimum. The pure-bred fermented cowpeas maintained the similar flavor with naturally fermented cowpeas. This research would provide a certain reference value for the quality optimization and flavor composition analysis of pickled cowpeas.