荆条不同部位挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的:比较荆条茎、叶和花中挥发油成分的差异。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取荆条不同部位中的挥发油，运用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）法对其组成成分进行分析鉴定，采用主成分分析和聚类分析其成分的差异。结果:从荆条不同部位共鉴定出83种挥发性成分，包括烯烃类、醇类、酮类、酯类等。茎、叶和花中分别鉴定出14、58、55种，占各部位挥发油总量的59.91%、98.32%和95.83%。3个部位共有成分仅有8种，但茎、叶和花中特有成分分别为4，22和21种。通过主成分分析得到荆条不同部位挥发油的差异成分，其中，茎中标志性挥发性成分为2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、14-甲基十五烷酸甲酯、正二十一烷等，叶中标志性挥发性成分为β-松油烯、榄香醇、丁香烯氧化物等，而花中标志性挥发性成分是由桧烯、2,3-二氢-3-2-氨基乙基]-5-甲氧基-1,3-二甲基吲哚-2-酮、二苯环庚烯酰胺等组成。由聚类分析结果可知，荆条茎与花聚为一类，再与叶聚为一类。结论:荆条茎、叶和花中挥发油成分的种类和含量有一定的差异性，这为荆条不同部位进一步药用或工业开发提供科学依据。

GC-MS Analysis of Constituents of Volatile Oil in Different Parts of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla

Objective: The study aimed to compare the variance of constituents of volatile oil in the stems, leaves and flowers of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla (VNH). Methods: The volatile oil in the stems, leaves and flowers of VNH were extracted by hydrodistillation, respectively, and their constituents were analyzed and identified by GC-MS, and the differences in their chemical compositions were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Results: Total of 83 volatile components were identified from different parts of the VNH, including olefins, alcohols, ketones, esters, etc. 14, 58 and 55 volatile components were detected from the stems, leaves, and flowers, accounting for 59.91%, 98.32% and 95.83% of the total volatile oils in each part, respectively. Only 8 volatile components were shared by three parts, whereas 4, 22 and 21 volatile components were unique to the stems, leaves and flowers, respectively. The differential components of the volatile oils from different parts of VNH were obtained by PCA, in which the signature volatile components in the stem were 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol, 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester, heneicosane, etc, and the trademark volatile components in the leaves were β-terpinene, elemol, caryophyllene oxide, etc, whereas the hallmark volatile components in the flowers were formed by sabenene, 2,3-dihydro-3-2-aminoethyl]-5-methoxy-1,3- dimethyl-indole-2-one, citenamide, etc. As revealed by the results of the cluster analysis, the stems of VNH were clustered with the flowers and then with the leaves. Conclusion: The composition of the volatile oil in the stems, leaves and flowers of of VNH had certain variability, which would provide a scientific basis for the further medicinal or industrial exploitation of different parts of VNH.