基于统计学和营养学的三种藻粉蛋白质营养价值评价与方法分析

采用主成分分析法、模糊识别法、氨基酸含量比值法和氨基酸比值系数法，分析了丝路寒旱区的小球藻、螺旋藻和杜氏盐藻藻粉蛋白质的营养价值，并对4种分析方法进行了比较。结果表明:丝路寒旱区的小球藻、螺旋藻和杜氏盐藻藻粉蛋白含量差异显著(P<0.05)，以小球藻藻粉蛋白含量最高为70.77 g/100 g·DW，且均含有17种氨基酸，包括除色氨酸外的7种人体必需氨基酸，必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的质量分数均接近FAO/WHO氨基酸模式谱。三种藻粉蛋白质的贴近度分别为0.879、0.982和0.906；第一限制氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸；氨基酸比值系数分由高到低为小球藻（82.89）>螺旋藻（81.78）>杜氏盐藻（74.46）。主成分分析提取出4个主成分，累计方差贡献率为98.305%，可较好反映藻粉蛋白质氨基酸综合品质。综合四种评价方法的特点，氨基酸比值系数法和模糊识别法均对蛋白质中必需氨基酸从生物吸收的角度开展分析，但就计算方法而言，氨基酸比值系数法更严谨。本研究中模糊识别法与主成分分析法的结果虽然是一致的，但采用主成分分析法分析蛋白质中代表性氨基酸种类可能更好些。FAO/WHO推荐的蛋白质E/N和E/T值分析法，仅关注的是必需氨基酸的量，没考虑生物吸收必需氨基酸的特点。综上，丝路寒旱区三种藻粉蛋白质的营养价值依次为小球藻>螺旋藻>杜氏盐藻。

Nutritional Value Evaluation and Method Analysis of Three Algae Powder Proteins Based on Statistics and Nutrition

The nutritional value of Chlorella, Spirulina platensis and Dunaliella salina powder proteins in the cold and arid regions of the silk road was analyzed by principal component analysis, fuzzy recognition method, amino acid content ratio method and amino acid ratio coefficient method, and four analysis methods were compared. The results showed that the protein content of Chlorella, Spirulina platensis and Dunaliella salina in the cold and arid regions of the silk road was significantly different (P<0.05). The highest protein content of Chlorella powder was 70.77 g/100 g·DW, and all contained 17 amino acids, including 7 essential amino acids except tryptophan. The mass fraction of essential amino acids in total amino acids was close to FAO/WHO amino acid pattern spectrum. The closeness degree of three algae powder proteins were 0.879, 0.982 and 0.906, respectively. The first limiting amino acid was methionine; the amino acid ratio coefficients from high to low were Chlorella (82.89)>Spirulina platensis (81.78)>Dunaliella salina (74.46). Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 98.305%, which could better reflect the comprehensive quality of amino acids in algal protein. Based on the characteristics of the four evaluation methods, the amino acid ratio coefficient method and the fuzzy recognition method were used to analyze the essential amino acids in proteins from the perspective of biological absorption. However, in terms of calculation methods, the amino acid ratio coefficient method was more rigorous. Although the results of the fuzzy recognition method and the principal component analysis method in this study were consistent, it may be better to use the principal component analysis method to analyze the representative amino acids in proteins. The protein E/N and E/T value analysis recommended by FAO/WHO only focused on the amount of essential amino acids, without considering the characteristics of biological absorption of essential amino acids. In conclusion, the nutritional value of three algae powder proteins in the cold and arid regions of silk road is Chlorella>Spirulina platensis>Dunaliella salina.