多溴联苯醚在食品中的污染及其危害研究进展

多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是一类新型持久性有机污染物,其具有生物蓄积、长距离迁移和污染持久等特点,引起人们的广泛关注。本文概述PBDEs的特性,总结食品中PBDEs的污染来源主要存在于大气、土壤和水体等环境介质中,剖析PDBEs在饮用水、肉类、蛋类、水产品和蔬菜类等食品中的污染状况,进而从甲状腺、神经系统、肝脏和生殖发育毒性等方面总结PBDEs对人体健康的毒性和危害。在此基础上提出控制食品中PBDEs污染的四个具体措施,包括制定PBDEs处理标准、发展新型溴代阻燃剂、加强PBDEs降解方法研究和完善检测分析方法。最后基于现有研究状况展望了PBDEs未来的研究方向,以期为治理食品中PBDEs的污染提供一定参考。

Research Progress on Contamination in Food and Harm of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a new class of persistent organic pollutants, with bioaccumulation, long-distance migration and persistent pollution characteristics that have piqued public interest. This paper encapsulates the features of PBDEs, concludes that PBDEs pollution sources in food are primarily found in the atmosphere, soil, water and other environmental medium, analyzes the pollution status of PBDEs in drinking water, meat, eggs, aquatic products and vegetables, and then summarizes the toxicity and harm of PBDEs to human health in terms of thyroid, nervous system, liver and reproductive function. On this basis, this paper puts forward four specific measures to control PBDEs contamination in food, including the establishment of a PBDEs processing standard, the development of new brominated flame retardants, strengthening research on degradation methods of PBDEs, and the improvement of detection and analysis methods. Finally, the research direction of PBDEs is forecasted based on the existing research situation, in order to provide some guidance for the treatment of PBDEs pollution in food.