新疆、青海和俄罗斯三地白玉的皮壳类型及识别特征（上）

白玉皮壳的类型可分为石皮壳、色皮壳和糖皮壳。对新疆、青海和俄罗斯三地白玉皮壳特征进行了观察和分析,发现三地白玉皮壳在成因、颜色、形状、厚度、成分等方面各有不同。新疆白玉仔料常见色皮壳,其类型有单色、双色、多色等。青海白玉常见石皮壳。俄罗斯白玉山料亦多见石皮壳,石皮壳以白皮料（石灰皮料）和黑皮料为主,其仔料和山流水料中有少量色皮壳,常为褐色夹杂黑色。三地白玉均有糖皮壳,具一定差异。这些特征有助于区分白玉原料和部分成品的产地、判别白玉原料内部玉质质量、了解皮壳的成因和识别天然皮壳与人工染色皮壳。

Classification and characteristics of the white nephrite＇s hull from Xingjiang,Qinghai and Russia

White nephrite＇s hull can be classified into rock hull,colorful hull and sugar hull.By observing and analyzing the characteristics of white nephrite＇s hull from Xingjiang,Qinghai and Russia,it is found that there are differences in causes,color,shape,thickness and component.Xingjiang white nephrite pebble usually has colorful hull which divided into monochrome,double-color and multiple color types.Qinghai white nephrite usually has rock hull.Russian primary nephrite has rock hull which mainly contains white hull（limy hull） and black hull.Its pebble has colorful hull which usually is brown with black.The three places have sugar hull but different with each other.The above characteristics can help us to distinguish the origin of white nephrite material and some finished products,determine the internal quality of white nephrite material,cognize the causes of the hull and identify the natural hull and the dyeing hull.