青花鸡、茶花鸡2号和白羽肉鸡肌肉脂肪酸含量比较分析

为研究青花鸡、茶花鸡2号和白羽肉鸡3 种鸡肌肉中脂肪酸含量差异，先采用氯仿-甲醇法对鸡肉粉进行脂肪提取，并对脂肪提取物进行甲酯化处理，再应用高效气相色谱仪检测3 种鸡肌肉中的18 种脂肪酸。结果表明：3 种鸡肌肉脂肪酸均以棕榈酸（C16:0）、硬脂酸（C18:0）、油酸（C18:1 n-9c）和亚油酸（C18:2 n-6c）为主；在公鸡胸肌中，青花鸡饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid，SFA）含量显著高于白羽肉鸡（P＜0.05），茶花鸡2号必需脂肪酸（essential fatty acid，EFA）含量显著高于青花鸡和白羽肉鸡（P＜0.05）；在母鸡胸肌中，青花鸡和茶花鸡2号SFA、不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acid，UFA）含量显著高于白羽肉鸡（P＜0.05），茶花鸡2号EFA含量显著高于白羽肉鸡和青花鸡（P＜0.05）；在公鸡腿肌中，茶花鸡2号SFA含量显著高于其他2 种鸡（P＜0.05），茶花鸡2号和白羽肉鸡EFA、UFA含量均显著高于青花鸡（P＜0.05）；在母鸡腿肌中，青花鸡SFA含量显著高于白羽肉鸡（P＜0.05），但与茶花鸡2号无显著差异，单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸在3 种鸡胸肌、腿肌中也有所差异。综上，不同鸡肌肉脂肪酸含量有所差异，地方资源鸡肉风味品质更佳，脂肪酸的组成更符合人体健康需求。

Comparative Analysis of Fatty Acid Contents in Muscles of Qinghua,Chahua 2 and White Feathered Broilers

The purpose of this paper was to study the difference in fatty acid contents in muscles of Qinghua,Chahua 2 and white feathered broilers.Intramuscular fat was extracted by the chloroform-methanol method,methylated and detected by high performance gas chromatography for the contents of 18 fatty acids.The results showed that palmitic acid(C_16:0),stearic acid(C_18:0),oleic acid(C_(18:1 n-9c))and linoleic acid(C_(18:2 n-6c))were the most dominant fatty acids in chicken muscles for the three breeds.The content of saturated fatty acids(SFA)in the breast muscle of male Qinghua broilers was significantly higher than in the breast muscle of male white feathered broilers(P<0.05),and the content of essential fatty acids(EFA)in the breast muscle of male Chahua 2 broilers was significantly higher than in the breast muscle of male Qinghua broilers and male white feathered broilers(P<0.05).The contents of SFA and unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)in the breast muscle of female Qinghua broilers and female Chahua 2 broilers were significantly higher than in the breast muscle of female white feathered broilers(P<0.05),and the content of EFA in the breast muscle of female Chahua 2 broilers was significantly higher than in the breast muscle of female white feathered broilers and female Qinghua broilers(P<0.05).SFA content in the thigh muscle of male Chahua 2 broilers was significantly higher than in the thigh muscle of male broilers from the other breeds(P<0.05),and the contents of EFA and UFA in the thigh muscle of male Chahua 2 broilers and male white feathered broilers were significantly higher than in the thigh muscle of male Qinghua broilers(P<0.05).SFA content in the thigh muscle of female Qinghua broilers was significantly higher than in the thigh muscle of female white feathered broilers(P<0.05),but not significantly different from Chahua 2 broilers.The contents of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)in breast and thigh muscles were different among broiler breeds.To sum up,although different from one another,the fatty acid composition of muscles from the three broiler breeds could meet the requirements for human health.