野生和人工栽培羊肚菌营养价值对比分析

为全面比较野生和人工栽培羊肚菌的营养价值,以晋中、大同人工栽培羊肚菌以及南充、丽江野生羊肚菌为样品,采用国家或行业标准方法对4类样品中的基本营养成分、矿物质元素、维生素和氨基酸含量进行了测定。利用营养质量指数、氨基酸评分、化学评分、必需氨基酸指数、生物价和营养指数等指标对野生和人工栽培羊肚菌的营养价值进行了分析和对比。结果表明:人工栽培羊肚菌的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的含量比野生羊肚菌略高;野生羊肚菌铁元素和维生素C的含量比人工略高,其他大多数矿质元素和维生素的含量相差不大;人工栽培羊肚菌的氨基酸含量、生物价及营养指数比野生羊肚菌高。人工栽培羊肚菌的营养价值能够与野生羊肚菌媲美,且重金属的摄入风险更低,适宜作为高品质的羊肚菌食材并加大人工种植规模。

Comparative analysis of nutritional value between wild and cultivated Morchella

In order to comprehensively evaluate the nutritional value of wild and artificially cultivated Morchella,this article took cultivated Morchella in Jinzhong and Datong as well as wild Morchella in Nanchong and Lijiang as raw materials to analyze the basic nutrients,mineral elements,vitamins and amino acids.The index of nutritional quality(INQ),amino acid score(AAS),chemical score(CS),essential amino acid index(EAAI),biological value(BV)and nutritional index(NI)were used to analyze and compared the nutritional value of wild and cultivated Morchella.The results showed that the content of crude protein,fat and fiber of cultivated Morchella was slightly higher than that of wild.The content of iron and vitamin C in wild Morchella was slightly higher than that of artificial ones,however,the content of most other mineral elements and vitamins were no significant difference.The amino acid content,BV and NI of cultivated Morchella were higher than those of wild.The nutritional value of cultivated Morchella could be comparable to that of wild,and with the lower risk of heavy metal intake compared with wild cultivated Morchella.It is suitable as high-quality Morchella and the scale of artificial cultivation should be increased.