废旧棉与涤纶纺织品化学法循环再生利用的研究进展

针对我国废旧纺织品中棉和涤纶制品产量高、循环利用率低、高品质产品少等问题,介绍了化学法循环再生利用废旧棉、涤纶纺织品的方法,分析了废旧棉再生浆粕及其纤维制备技术和废旧涤纶纺织品解聚单体及其再聚合技术的现状。相关研究表明:目前已能采用低比例废旧棉再生浆粕与原生木浆混合的方式实现废旧棉再生Lyocell纤维的小规模生产;采用乙二醇醇解-甲醇酯交换技术可实现废旧涤纶纺织品化学法再生聚酯的万吨级规模生产,但仍存在技术难度大、生产成本高、回收利用率低、产品品质差,且面临“治废产废”程度有待进一步降低等难题;开发废旧棉、涤纶纺织品清洁再生与高值化利用技术是废旧纺织品循环利用的发展趋势。

Research progress in chemical recycling of waste cotton and polyester textiles

A large number of waste cotton and polyester textiles are produced in China, but the recycling rate is low and high quality products are rare. Focusing on this problem, the recycling of waste cotton and polyester fabrics based on chemical recycling was reviewed. The technology of waste cotton pulp preparation and its fiber spinning, the monomer preparation from the depolymerization of waste polyester and its polymerization were examined. The literature review indicated that the small-scale production of waste cotton was involved in the making of regenerated Lyocell fibers by mixing low proportion of waste cotton regenerated pulp with the primary wood pulp, and that 10 000-ton scale production of chemically regenerated polyethylene terephthalate(PET) from waste PET textiles has been achieved through glycol alcoholysis-methanol ester exchange technology. However, there are still problems such as technical difficulties, high production cost, low recovery and utilization rate, poor product quality, and high degree of " waste production caused by waste treatment ". Hence, key technology development for waste textile recycling should be the focus of research emphasizing on clean recycling and high value utilization of waste cotton and polyester textiles.