热防护用气凝胶材料的研究进展

为了进一步强化气凝胶材料热防护性能在各个领域的应用,并且确定未来热防护用气凝胶材料的主要研究方向,本文首先简要介绍了气凝胶的定义、结构特点、性能以及隔热机制。其次对气凝胶材料的应用进行了阐述。然后将用于热防护的气凝胶根据原材料进行分类,并分别对各类气凝胶的研究现状展开论述。二氧化硅气凝胶研究时间最长且成果已经较为成熟,其他各类气凝胶的研究还有很大的进步空间,可以针对各类气凝胶材料所具备的独特的优缺点展开研究,以满足各方面的特种需求。最后提出了气凝胶材料的未来发展趋势应该集中在提高耐温上限,消除高温后材料的粉尘问题,改善其力学性能,满足隔热承重一体化防护的需求,提高作为防护服隔热材料时的防水透湿性,创新制作工艺降低成本等方面。

Research progress of aerogel materials for thermal protection

In order to further strengthen the application of thermal protection performance of aerogel materials in various fields, and to clarify the main research direction of aerogel materials for thermal protection in the future. This article first briefly introduces the definition, structural characteristics, performance and thermal insulation mechanism of aerogels. Secondly, the application of aerogel materials is described, especially in the field of high-speed aircraft and high-temperature protective clothing. Then, the aerogels used for thermal protection are classified according to the raw materials, and the research status of various aerogels are discussed separately. Silica aerogels have been researched for the longest time and the results are relatively mature. There is still a lot of room for improvement in the research of other types of aerogels. Research on the unique advantages and disadvantages of various aerogel materials can be carried out to meet the special needs of various aspects. Finally, it is proposed that the future development trend of aerogel materials should focus on increasing the upper limit of temperature resistance, eliminating the dust problem of materials after high temperature, improving mechanical properties, meeting the needs of integrated insulation and load-bearing protection, and improving the performance of protective clothing insulation Waterproof and moisture permeability, innovative production technology to reduce costs and other aspects.