全纤维光驱动界面蒸发系统在海水淡化工程中的应用研究进展

太阳光驱动界面水蒸发技术可将吸收的太阳光转换成热能,并加热处于液-气界面的水,有效提高光-蒸汽转换效率,有望成为低碳、绿色环境下的海水淡化新途径。为解决这项技术中存在的蒸发速率偏低、蒸汽收集困难以及抗生物沉积能力弱等问题的挑战,综述了国内外光驱动界面水蒸发的研究进展及纤维基蒸发器的独特优势;从光吸收体、漂浮体的设计与制备角度出发,分析纤维基漂浮体与光吸收体的构效关系、水传输和热管理的设计及作用机制,重点阐述纯有机光热纤维在海水淡化领域的最新应用;最后展望了纤维基蒸发器的发展前景与挑战,以期纤维基光驱动界面蒸发系统在规模化零碳排放的海水淡化等领域快速发展。

Research progress in all-fiber solar induced interface evaporation system to assist desalination with zero carbon emission

Solar driven interfacial steam generation(SISG)is a desirable strategy to enhance solar to steam efficiency by transferring sunlight into heat and inspiring seawater vaporization at interface between liquid and gas.SISG has been recognized as a promising strategy to solve water shortages in an eco-friendly and low-cost way,due to the fact that it just utilizes sea water and solar energy,both of which are considered as inexhaustible resources on the earth.However,there still are many challenges,including low evaporation rate,difficulty in collecting vapor and poor antibiofouling.Recent advances in SISG and the unique advantages of fiber based evaporator in this area were reviewed and demonstrated.The structure-function relationship between fiber based floating structure and light absorber were analyzed from the perspectives of design and fabrication of light absorber and floating structure,water transportation,as well as thermal management and their mechanisms.Then,pure organic fiber with photothermal properties for SISG was focused on,and future development and challenges of the SISG was discussed.It is believed that the fiber-based evaporation system will play its role in seawater desalination without causing further carbon emission.