超高压提取大豆皂苷的工艺优化及动力学模型

为获得超高压提取大豆皂苷的最佳工艺条件,描述提取的动力学过程,以压力、保压时间、乙醇体积分数和液料比为试验因子,大豆皂苷得率为响应值,分别采用单因素试验和二次正交旋转组合试验对工艺条件进行优化。根据Fick第一扩散定律,以所得数据为样本,建立超高压提取大豆皂苷的动力学模型。结果表明:影响大豆皂苷得率的因素主次顺序为液料比>压力>乙醇体积分数>保压时间,边际效应大小顺序为乙醇体积分数>液料比>保压时间>压力。确定超高压提取大豆皂苷的最佳工艺条件为:压力439.09MPa,保压时间16.28min,乙醇体积分数83.53%,液料比32.28mL/g,在此条件下大豆皂苷得率为1.252%,优于传统的回流提取。所得动力学模型可较好地描述提取液中大豆皂苷浓度随压力、保压时间及液料比的变化关系。超高压提取工艺具有操作简便,提取效率高,提取时间短等优点,可用于天然产物有效成分的提取。

Optimization of the Technology and Dynamic Model for Ultrahigh Pressure Extraction of Soyasaponin

To find out the optimal extraction condition of the technology for ultrahigh pressure extraction of soyasaponin and describe the dynamic process,the approach was based on the single factor experiments and quadratic orthogonal rotary composite experimental design with pressure,dwell time,concentration of ethanol and the ratio of solvent to material as variables and the yield of soyasaponins as response value.Based on the Fick’s first law,the dynamic model of ultrahigh pressure extraction of soyasaponin was established on the data obtained from experiments.The results showed that the effects order of four factors on the content of soyasaponin is as follow:the ratio of solvent to material,pressure,concentration of ethanol,dwell time and the marginal utility order of four factors is as follow:concentration of ethanol,the ratio of solvent to material,dwell time,pressure.The optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follow:pressure 439.09 MPa,dwell time 16.28 min,the concentration of ethanol 83.53% and the ratio of solvent to material 32.28 mL/g.Under the optimum conditions,the extraction yield of soyasaponin was 1.252%,higher than that by reflux extraction.The dynamics model could be used for describing the relationship among concentration,pressure,dwell time and the ratio of solvent to material.Ultrahigh pressure extraction is more efficient,costs shorter extraction time and needs simple operation.It is suitable for extraction of active ingredients from natural products.