基于GC-MS建立花椒挥发油指纹图谱及在汉源红花椒鉴定中的应用

本研究建立了我国西部地区红花椒和青花椒挥发油气相色谱一质谱(GC-MS)指纹图谱,并将该方法应用到汉源红花椒产地鉴别中。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取花椒挥发油,通过GC-MS技术建立花椒挥发油指纹图谱,通过挥发油成分差异分析、聚类分析法和主成分分析法对花椒样品进行分类分析。结果表明,青花椒挥发油含量是红花椒挥发油含量的1.45倍。挥发油主要成分为萜烯类、醇类和酯类物质。红花椒指纹图谱有8个共有峰,青花椒指纹图谱有11个共有峰。聚类分析和主成分分析结果相似,所有的青花椒被分为同一组,红花椒被分为2～3组,说明不同产地红花椒挥发油化学成分之间的差异性大于青花椒。汉源红花椒指纹图谱共有峰中有5种特有物质,即崖柏烯,乙酸松油酯,乙酸橙花酯,乙酸香叶酯和1-石竹烯,可作为汉源红花椒产地鉴别的依据。本实验为不同产地花椒产地鉴定提供了实验基础,为汉源花椒建立了特征指纹图谱。

Establishment of GC-MS Fingerprint Based on Essential Oil Components in Zanthoxylum and Application on Hanyaun Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.

The aim of the experiment was to establish a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) fingerprints of Zanthoxylum. which collected from the western region of China based on the volatile oil. Then the method was applied to the identification of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.. The steam distillation was used to extract the volatile oil from Zanthoxylum, and the fingerprints of volatile oil were established by GC-MS. The difference of volatile oil composition was analyzed. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to classify the Zanthoxylum. The results showed that the volatile oil content of Z. armatum DC. was 1.45 times as the Z. bungeanum Maxim.. The main components of the volatile oil are terpenes, alcohols and esters. There were 8 common peaks on Z. bungeanum. fingerprints, 11 on Z. armatum fingerprints. The results of HCA and PCA were similar. All Z. armatum were divided into the same group, the Z. bungeanum samples were divided into 2 or 3 groups. It suggested that the difference of volatile oil in Z. bungeanum was greater than Z. armatum.. There were 5 characteristic substances in the common peaks of Hanyuan Z. bungeanum. namely, thujene, terpinyl acetate, neryl acetate, geranyl ethanonte and l-caryophyllene, which could be used as the basis for the identification of Hanyuan Z. bungeanum.. This experiment provides an experimental basis for the identification of Zanthoxylum. and established the characteristic GC-MS fingerprints of Hanyuan Z. bungeanum.