BCLA CLEAR - Effect of contact lens materials and designs on the anatomy and physiology of the eye |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, UK;2. University of Waterloo, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Canada;3. School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;4. School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia;5. CooperVision Specialty EyeCare, Gilbert, AZ, United States;6. School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras (Aigio), Greece;7. Centre for Ocular Research and Education, University of Waterloo, Canada;8. Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, United States;9. Alcon Vision Care, IMG, Vernier-Geneva, Switzerland;10. Visioncare Research Ltd, Farnham, UK;1. Johnson Vision Care Companies, Johnson & Johnson Medical Ltd., Pinewood Campus, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, RG40 3EW, UK;2. Visioncare Research Ltd, UK;1. School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia;2. Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA;3. College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA;1. Ophthalmic Research Group, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.;2. Optometry Research Group, Department of Optics & Optometry & Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Spain.;1. College of Optometry, State University of New York, New York, USA;2. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;3. Deakin Optometry, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia |
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| Abstract: | This paper outlines changes to the ocular surface caused by contact lenses and their degree of clinical significance. Substantial research and development to improve oxygen permeability of rigid and soft contact lenses has meant that in many countries the issues caused by hypoxia to the ocular surface have largely been negated. The ability of contact lenses to change the axial growth characteristics of the globe is being utilised to help reduce the myopia pandemic and several studies and meta-analyses have shown that wearing orthokeratology lenses or soft multifocal contact lenses can reduce axial length growth (and hence myopia).However, effects on blinking, ptosis, the function of Meibomian glands, fluorescein and lissamine green staining of the conjunctiva and cornea, production of lid-parallel conjunctival folds and lid wiper epitheliopathy have received less research attention. Contact lens wear produces a subclinical inflammatory response manifested by increases in the number of dendritiform cells in the conjunctiva, cornea and limbus. Papillary conjunctivitis is also a complication of all types of contact lenses. Changes to wear schedule (daily disposable from overnight wear) or lens materials (hydrogel from SiHy) can reduce papillary conjunctivitis, but the effect of such changes on dendritic cell migration needs further study. These changes may be associated with decreased comfort but confirmatory studies are needed. Contact lenses can affect the sensitivity of the ocular surface to mechanical stimulation, but whether these changes affect comfort requires further investigation.In conclusion, there have been changes to lens materials, design and wear schedules over the past 20+ years that have improved their safety and seen the development of lenses that can reduce the myopia development. However, several changes to the ocular surface still occur and warrant further research effort in order to optimise the lens wearing experience. |
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| Keywords: | Contact lens evidence-based academic reports (CLEAR) Eyelid Cornea Conjunctiva Myopia control Inflammation |
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