利用木质纤维素生产燃料酒精的研究进展

利用木质纤维素生产燃料酒精可改善能源保障，实现能源供应的可持续发展，同时拉动农业及其他相关行业的经济发展。木质纤维素中含有丰富的可发酵生成乙醇的纤维素和半纤维素，利用产纤维素酶的微生物或纤维素酶（Cx酶、C1酶、β0葡萄糖苷酶）将纤维素水解成可发酵性糖，再通过酵母发酵生成乙醇。常用菌株有热纤梭菌（Clostridium thermocellum)，能分解纤维素，但乙醇产率较低（50%)；热硫化氢梭菌（Clostridium thermohydrosulphaircum)，不能利用纤维素，但乙醇产率相当高，将两株菌混合发酵，产率可达70％。发酵方法有直接发酵法、间接发酵法、混合菌种发酵法，同时糖化发酵法（Simultaneous saccharification and Fermentation)和非等温同时糖化发酵法（Nonisothermal simultaneous saccharification and Fermentation)以及固定化细胞发酵法等。（庞晓）

Research on the Production of Fuel Alcohol by Lignocellulose

The production of fuel alcohol by lignocellulose is an effective way to i mprove energy supply structure,realize sustainable development of energy suppl y and advance agricultural development and the relative industries.Lignocellul ose contains affluent cellulose and hemicellulose which change into alcohol thr ough fermentation.By the application of microbes producing cellulase or cellul ase(Cxenzyme ,C 1 enzyme ,a-glucosaccharase),lignocellulose hydrolyzed into fermentative sugar and then changed into alcohol by yeast fermentation.The usual strain was Clostridium thermocellum which could decompose cellulose but the alcohol output was relatively low(50%).Clostridium thermohydrosulphaircum,which could not decompose cellulose but made higher alcohol output.And the mixed fer-ment ation of the two strains could make70%alcohol output.The fermentation metho ds included direct fermentation,indirect fermen-tation,mixed microbes ferment ation,simultaneous saccharification and fermentation,nonisothermal simultaneou s saccharification and fer-emtation,and immobilized cell fermentation etc.(T ran.by YUE Yang)