食品致敏性评价的动物和细胞模型研究进展

食品过敏原致敏性的评价方法多种多样,而动物模型和细胞模型的致敏性评价是常用的方法之一。小鼠模型拥有繁殖周期短和遗传基因可操作性等优点,但却有着遗传背景差异性、伦理上等局限性;而体外培养细胞模型正好弥补了动物模型上的不足从而反映出机体中过敏反应从大体到细节上的变化。虽然目前有许多评价食品致敏性的方法,如常用的胃肠道消化实验法和热稳定性试验法,然而这些方法都存在着一定的局限性。本综述概括了动物和细胞模型在目前研究中的优缺点以及与其他实验方法的相互关系,客观分析其在评估食品过敏原的致敏性中的作用。

Advances in animal and cell models for the evaluation of food allergy

Animal and cell models are one of the most commonly used methods in evaluating the sensitivity of food allergens. Murine models have advantages of a short breeding cycle and genetic maneuverability characteristics, but also have shortcomings in differences of genetic background and ethical. In vitro, the cell models can offset the deficiency of animal models which reflect the changes of the allergic reaction from the general to the detail. Others methods such as gastrointestinal digestion and thermal stability test are also used in evaluating the food allergy, however, all of these methods have certain limitations. This review summarized the advantages and disadvantages of animal and cell models in the current study, and their relationship with other experimental methods, and analyzed their effects in the evaluation of food allergens.