丙烯酰胺的毒性及其作用机制研究进展

丙烯酰胺是一种重要的化工原料, 同时也是食品热加工过程中Maillard反应的副产物之一, 可通过各种途径进入环境并广泛暴露在人类日常生活之中。然而, 环境和膳食中的丙烯酰胺会被动扩散进入人类及其他生物机体中, 并通过代谢导致机体内的氧化损伤、突触干扰、神经递质传递抑制、蛋白表达抑制, 进一步影响体内各系统和器官的功能。目前, 丙烯酰胺的广泛暴露已对环境安全及人类健康构成不可忽视的威胁。其毒性主要包括神经毒性、生殖毒性、免疫毒性、消化系统毒性、心脏毒性及潜在致癌性, 其致毒机制较为复杂, 其中丙烯酰胺的神经毒性方面的研究最为广泛。本文从丙烯酰胺的暴露来源、代谢过程、毒性及其作用机制等方面进行综述, 旨在讨论丙烯酰胺的毒性及其机制研究, 为预防丙烯酰胺带来的食品安全问题和健康风险评估提供参考。

Research progress on the toxicity and mechanism of acrylamide

Acrylamide is an important chemical raw material, and it is also one of the by-products of Maillard reaction in the thermal processing of food. It can enter the environment through various channels and be widely exposed to human daily life. However, acrylamide in the environment and diet will passively diffuse into human and other biological organisms, and metabolized in the body, resulting in oxidative damage, synaptic interference, inhibition of neurotransmitter transmission, and inhibition of protein expression, further affecting various systems in the body and organ function. At present, the widespread exposure of acrylamide has posed a threat to environmental safety and human health that cannot be ignored. Its toxicity mainly includes neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, digestive system toxicity, cardiotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity, and its toxic mechanism is complicated, among which the research on the neurotoxicity of acrylamide is the most extensive. This paper reviewed the exposure sources, metabolic processes, toxicity and mechanism of acrylamide, and aims to discuss the toxicity of acrylamide and its mechanism research, so as to provide references for the prevention of food safety problems and health risk assessment caused by acrylamide.