鱼胶基原鱼种鉴定技术研究进展

鱼胶作为我国传统滋补药材，近年来其消费市场日益繁荣，鱼胶基原鱼种来源范围不断扩大，尤其是进口基原鱼种占比不断提升，部分市售鱼胶真伪难辨，鱼胶基原鱼种鉴定需求不断增加。本文概述了鱼胶基原鱼种形态学鉴定法、光学分析法和分子生物学鉴定法的发展历程、应用情况，对比了分子生物学方法中不同基因片段、不同引物等的适用性，分析了上述方法的优缺点。传统形态学鉴定具有快速、不需要鉴定人员具备较高实验操作能力的优势，但依赖专家个人经验和观察手段，且对鱼胶残片等形态特征缺失的样品鉴定能力有限；光学分析法无法精确到种属；而以DNA条形码技术为主的分子生物学方法是对某一特定区域的DNA序列排列顺序进行对比分析，鉴定结果准确，但较为耗时。由于鱼胶是动物组织干制品，在物种鉴定方面具有形态信息较少、样品处理时间较长等特点；本文有针对性地综合国内外相关研究，填补了特殊动物组织物种鉴定研究方法综述的空白，为以后进口贸易或市场监管中如何优化鉴定技术提供理论依据。

Research progress of identification techniques for original species of isinglass

As traditional tonic medicine in China, the consumption market of isinglass has become prosperous recently. The range of the original fish species has been expanding, especially the imported fish species. It is difficult to distinguish the authenticity of some commercially availableisinglass, therefore, the identificationdemand of original fish species has been increasing. This paper summarizes the development and application of morphological identification method, optical analysis method and molecular biology identification method of isglass basedoriginal fish species, compares the applicability of different gene sequences and different primers in molecular biology methods, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the above methods. Traditional morphological identification has the advantages of fast, need for neitherappraisers nor high experimental operation ability, but it depends on experts'' experience and observation means, alsolimitedinthe identification ability of samples with missing morphological features such as isinglass fragments; Optical analysis cannot be accurate to species; The molecular biology method based on DNA bar code technology canachieveaccurateresultsfor comparing and analyzing the sequence of DNA sequences in a specific region, but time-consuming. As isinglass is dry product of animal tissue, it has the characteristics of less morphological information and longer sample processing time in species identification; This paper purposefully integrates the relevant research at home and abroad, fills the blank of the research methods of species identification of special animal tissues, and provides a theoretical basis for how to optimize the identification technology in import trade or market supervision in the future.