水酶法提取核桃油研究进展

核桃油富含不饱和脂肪酸和多种脂肪伴随物, 对人体健康十分有益。由于核桃油的营养价值高, 如何实现核桃油的高效提取和适度加工越来越受到学者的关注。传统提取核桃油的方法存在蛋白质大量浪费、出油率不高和生物活性物质利用不充分等问题, 因此推进新型绿色的核桃油提取方法显得极为重要。水酶法(Aqueous enzymatic extraction, AEE)是一种新兴的植物油提取技术, 通过充分破碎油料, 在生物酶的辅助作用下破乳, 实现植物油分离, 具有出油率高和环境友好等优点。本文综述了核桃油主要营养成分与脂肪伴随物、核桃油的水酶法提取的关键工艺(预处理方法、酶解过程和破乳等)及存在的问题。同时, 本文提出了如何实现核桃油水酶法出油率的提高、核桃油品质提高和实现工业化生产的建议, 为水酶法提取核桃油实现工业化生产提供理论和技术支撑。

Research progress of aqueous enzymatic extraction of walnut oil

Walnut oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and a variety of fat concomitant, which is highly beneficial to human health. Due to the high nutritional value of walnut oil, how to achieve efficient extraction and moderate processing of walnut oil has received increasing attention from scholars. Traditional methods of extracting walnut oil have problems such as a large amount of protein wasting, low oil yield and insufficient utilization of bioactive substances. Therefore it is extremely important to promote new green methods of extracting walnut oil. Aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) is a emerging vegetable oil extraction technology that involves fully crushing the oil feedstock and breaking down the emulsion with the help of enzymes, resulting in the separation of oil, it has the advantages of high oil yield and friendly to the environment. This article reviewed the main nutrition and fat accompaniments in walnut oil, the key processes involved in the aqueous enzymatic method for walnut oil extraction, including pre-treatment methods, enzymatic hydrolysis, and demulsification techniques, as well as the underlying issues. Furthermore, this paper provided some suggestions on how to improve the oil yield and quality of walnut oil, and proposes recommendations for achieving industrial-scale production, so as to provide theoretical and technical support for the industrial production of walnut oil extracted by AEE.