丙烯酰胺体内暴露生物标志物解析和风险评估研究进展

丙烯酰胺是一种重要的化工原料,也是美拉德反应的副产物之一,广泛存在于烟草烟雾和经高温加工且富含碳水化合物的食品中。丙烯酰胺可经过消化道、呼吸道、皮肤等多种途径被机体吸收,具有神经毒性、生殖发育毒性、基因毒性及致癌性。丙烯酰胺在体内经细胞色素P450作用转化为环氧丙酰胺,进一步形成主要的4种巯基尿酸加合物、2种血红蛋白加合物和4种DNA加合物,这3类加合物均可作为评价丙烯酰胺体内暴露水平的生物标志物,并可通过进一步测定其含量以评估和关联生物体(人体)在环境或膳食中丙烯酰胺的暴露水平。本研究对丙烯酰胺的危害作用、体内代谢途径、体内暴露生物标志物、生物标志物的检测方法、体内暴露风险评估和体内暴露控制与预防措施进行了概述,以期为丙烯酰胺的风险评估与监控提供参考。

Research progress in biomarker analysis and risk assessment of acrylamide exposure in vivo

Acrylamide is an important chemical raw material and one of the by-products of Maillard reaction, which widely exists in tobacco smoke and high temperature processed carbohydrate-rich foods. Acrylamide can be absorbed by the body through digestive tract, respiratory tract, skin and other ways, which has neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Acrylamide can convert into glycidamide by cytochrome P450 in vivo, which will further form 4 main mercaptouric acid adducts, 2 hemoglobin adducts and 4 DNA adducts. These 3 kinds of adducts can be used as biomarkers to evaluate the exposure level of acrylamide in vivo, and their content determination can be used to further evaluate and correlate the exposure level of acrylamide in the environment or diet of organisms (human body). This paper summarized the harmful effects of acrylamide, metabolic pathway, exposure biomarkers, detection methods of biomarkers, exposure risk assessment, control and preventive measures of acrylamide, in order to provide reference for risk assessment and monitoring of acrylamide.