食品安全规制影响及其评价方法

食品安全规制作为一种社会性规制，由政府部门实施，具有强制力。通过规制来确保食品安全已成为共识。一项规制在制定和实施过程中会产生多种影响，厘清规制产生的具体影响，进而对规制影响进行评估，能够提高食品安全规制的效率，最终确保食品安全。目前，许多国家已经形成了制度化的规制影响评估体系，在我国开展系统科学的食品安全规制影响评估的需求也日益迫切。本文对食品安全规制可能影响的领域进行了系统阐述，详细介绍了规制带来的效益和成本的分析与计量方法，并分析了规制影响评估过程中的不确定性。开展食品安全规制影响评估应充分地考虑对利益相关者的影响，选择相应的评估方法，在评价结果时综合考虑经济、社会、环境中的不确定因素。

Impact of food safety regulation and evaluation methods

As a social regulation, food safety regulation is implemented by government departments and mandatory. It has become a consensus to ensure food safety through regulation. A regulation will have a variety of effects in the process of formulation and implementation, clarifying the specific impact of the regulation and then evaluating the regulation can improve the efficiency of food safety regulation and finally ensure food safety. At present, many countries have formed an institutionalized regulatory impact assessment system, and the demand for systematic and scientific food safety regulatory impact assessment in China is becoming increasingly urgent. This paper systematically expounds the fields that may be affected by food safety regulation, introduces in detail the analysis and measurement methods of benefits and costs brought by regulation, and analyzes the uncertainty in the process of regulation impact assessment. To carry out the impact assessment of food safety regulation, we should fully consider the impact on stakeholders, select the corresponding assessment methods, and comprehensively consider the uncertain factors in economy, society and environment while evaluation results.