野生蘑菇中多种元素含量及砷、硒形态分析技术研究

本文首先采用微波消解法对我国不同区域代表性的野生可食用蘑菇进行前处理,再通过电感耦合等离子体光谱和质谱法测定消解液中代表性元素含量并对部分元素进行形态分析。实验结果表明,通过电子耦合等离子体光谱检测常见元素(钾、钙、钠、镁、锌、锰、磷、铁和铜),检测的线性范围均为0～500 μg/mL, 得到的线性方程相关系数均大于0.999,各元素检出限在0.1~7 mg/kg之间；通过电感耦合等离子体光谱和质谱检测重金属元素(硼、铝、钛、钒、铬、钴、镍、砷、硒、锶、钼、镉、锡、锑、钡、汞、铊和铅),检测的线性范围为0~500 μg/mL,得到的线性方程相关系数均大于0.999,各元素检出限在0.0001~2 mg/kg之间；同时,确定了对砷和硒的形态分析前处理和检测方法,并分析无机砷和无机硒的占比,该方法能够满足日常分析检测,并为科学评价野生蘑菇中常见元素含量提供数据参考。

Study on the content of various elements and speciation analysis technology of arsenic and selenium in wild mushrooms

Objective To analyze the content of various elements, arsenic and selenium in wild mushrooms, study and discuss the analytical methods, and discuss the content and proportion of arsenic and selenium elements in wild mushrooms. Methods A variety of elements in representative edible wild mushrooms in different regions of China were analyzed by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). For samples with high content of arsenic and selenium, the speciation of arsenic and selenium was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-AFS)/ICP-MS, the pretreatment and detection conditions were studied and optimized, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results The method of ICP-MS for the determination of various elements in wild mushrooms had good linearity relationship, the limits of detection of each element were between 0.001?0.200 mg/kg, and the recoveries were 96.8%?102.5%; the forms of arsenate, arsenite, selenite and selenite in wild mushrooms could be effectively separated and detected by HPLC-AFS/ICP-MS. The linear relationships of the method were good, and the recoveries were 95.2%?101.6%. Conclusion This method has the advantages of simple pretreatment, high sensitivity, low interference, high precision and good accuracy. It is suitable for the determination of various element content and morphological analysis in mushrooms, and provides data reference for the scientific evaluation of common element content in wild mushrooms.