厨房措施对香菇中镉离子的浓度和生物可给性 及生物活性的影响

目的 探讨家庭厨房普通的处理方式对香菇中的镉(Cd)含量、镉的生物可给性以及其生物活性的影响。方法 用原子吸收检测家用酸、碱浸煮香菇不同部分的重金属含量变化, 对严重超标的Cd的生物可给性进行研究, 并采用电子自旋共振仪(ESR)对不同处理方式导致的生物活性变化进行检测。结果 香菇菇伞中的Cd含量高于菇梗中的Cd含量, 且都高于国家规定的最高允许值。家庭弱酸浸煮可以显著降低菇伞和菇梗中的Cd含量。用UBM法对体外模拟人体胃肠消化过程中Cd在胃和小肠的生物可给性研究表明, 胃液中的生物可给性显著比小肠阶段高, 并由此计算出人体健康风险因子, 其呈现出成人和儿童的每日摄入量均超过可耐受的每日摄入量。处理过的菇伞和菇梗的自由基清除能力都较未处理样品有显著降低。在相同浓度时(5 mg/mL), 1% NaHCO3和1% CH3COOH处理的菇伞对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力均有显著增强, 但只有1% CH3COOH处理的菇伞对羟基自由基的清除能力有显著增强。结论 家庭弱酸浸煮可以显著降低香菇中的Cd含量; Cd在胃液中的生物可给性显著比小肠阶段高, 由此得出成人和儿童的每日摄入量均超过可耐受的每日摄入量各为4~5倍。酸、碱浸煮处理过的菇伞和菇梗的自由基清除能力都显著降低。

Effects of culinary strategies on the concentration and bioaccessibility of cadmium and bioactivity of Lentinula edodes

Lentinula edodes, the second most popular and favorable edible mushroom, are very sensitive to heavy metal. Common culinary treatments such as soaking and boiling with household reagents were carried out following content of Cd,Pb, As or Hg analysis, bioaccessibility measurement and health risk assessment, and bio- activity detection as well. Results showed the content of Cd in caps was higher than that in stipes, both of which were also above the national maximum limiting values. With household ways the heavy metals changed much or less, esp. soaking and boiling with weak acid solution could decrease the content of cadmium markedly in both caps and stipes. Based on UBM in vitro extraction, Cd bio-accessibility was measured to show Cd available in gastric stage is much more than that in intestinal stage, according to which indicated both adult and children had 4-5 times health risk in comparison to provisional tolerable daily intake value. Within certain concentration, antioxidant activity of treated caps or stipes decreased greatly to both superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals in comparison to untreated samples. At the same concentration, 1% NaHCO₃ treated varied markedly to scavenging superoxide radicals while 1% CH₃COOH treated caps increased significantly to scavenging superoxide radicals. In a conclusion, common culinary strategies could change the content of Cd, Pb, As or Hg to a certain extent, the bioaccessibility of Cd in gastric is higher than that in intestinal simulation, and health risk assessment is 4-5 times to maximum levels of Cd tolerated maximum value in e for adult and children respectively. The bioactivity of Lentinula edodes decreased after treatment within a certain concentration.