筷子涂层中重金属元素的暴露研究

目的研究筷子涂层中12种重金属元素(锌、铜、镍、镉、铅、汞、铬、钼、硒、砷、钡、锑)在体液模拟物和食品模拟物中的暴露。方法以胃液模拟物、唾液模拟物作为体液模拟物,以4%乙酸(V/V)、水、95%乙醇(V/V)作为食品模拟物,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)法测定筷子涂层中12种重金属元素的溶出量和迁移量。结果对20批次筷子涂层中12种重金属元素的含量进行测试发现10种重金属元素(锌、铜、镍、镉、铅、铬、钼、硒、砷、钡)有检出,其中铅元素含量高达347660.8mg/kg。对检出的重金属元素进一步分析其在体液模拟物中的溶出量和食品模拟物中的迁移量,发现高含量的元素能通过体液模拟物溶出和食品模拟物迁移。结论筷子涂层中重金属元素可能通过3种途径暴露至人体,分别是胃液溶出、唾液溶出、食品中迁移,且涂层涂覆的位置可对重金属元素的暴露途径产生影响;胃液模拟物中溶出量是唾液模拟物中溶出量的10倍以上;4%乙酸(V/V)食品模拟物中的迁移量最多可高于水和95%乙醇(V/V)食品模拟物中的迁移量近1000倍,且随着迁移次数的增加迁移量逐渐降低。

Study on the exposure of heavy metal elements in the coating of chopsticks

Objective To investigate the exposure of 12 heavy metal elements (Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, Mo, Se, As, Ba and Sb) in the coating of chopsticks. Methods Saliva simulant and gastric stimulant were used as humoral simulants, 4% acetic acid (V/V), water and 95% alcohol (V/V) were used as food simulants. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the 12 heavy metal elements in the coating of chopsticks. Results The contents of 12 metal elements in 20 batches of the coating of chopsticks were tested, and the result indicated that 10 metal elements (Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mo, Se, As and Ba) were detected as positive, the content of lead was as high as 347660.8 mg/kg. Further analysis of the detected heavy metal elements in the body fluid simulants and food simulants, it was found that the high content elements can be dissolved in the body fluid simulants and food simulants. Conclusion The heavy metal elements in the coating of chopsticks can be exposed to human body in three ways: gastric juice dissolution, saliva dissolution and food migration, and the coating position can affect the exposure way; the dissolution in gastric juice simulant was obviously more than 10 times higher than saliva simulant; the migration in 4% acetic acid (V/V) can be higher than water and 95% ethanol (V/V) nearly 1000 times. The amount of migration in the food simulant decreased with the increase of migration times.