2017~2019年我国进口食品食源性致病菌污染状况分析

目的 了解我国进口不同国家食品中致病菌污染状况。方法 2017~2019年采集来自七大洲不同国家进口的生肉、冰鲜水产品、乳粉、预包装食品等4大类食品共计1511份, 按照国标方法检验其中可能存在的致病菌。结果 副溶血性弧菌在鱼类中检出率相对较低(4.17%), 虾蟹贝类中检出率相对较高(26.92%); 单增李斯特菌主要存在于猪肉(13.35%)和鱼类(7.87%)中; 沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌总体污染率相对较低, 分别为2.08%和1.44%; 克罗诺杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在乳粉中检出率均为0.99%。来自欧洲(15.61%)和南美洲(10.71%)猪肉中单增李斯特菌检出率均高于北美洲(3.77%); 来自南美洲鱼类(主要为三文鱼)中单增李斯特菌污染率(11.39%)高于其他地区(5.77%~6.67%)。生食类水产品中检出单增李斯特菌(7.77%)、副溶血性弧菌(4.33%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(2.43%)和沙门氏菌(0.49%)。结论 不同国家和不同种类食品中致病菌种类和检出率不同, 需针对性监测; 生食水产品和乳粉中检出多种致病菌, 需要引起重视。

Analysis on the contamination status of food-borne pathogens of imported food in China from 2017 to 2019

Objective To investigate the contamination status of pathogenic bacteria in food imported from different countries. Methods From 2017 to 2019, a total of 1511 foods from 4 major categories of raw meat, chilled aquatic products, milk powder, and pre-packaged foods imported from different countries on 7 continents were collected and tested for possible pathogenic bacteria according to the national standard method. Results The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish was relatively low (4.17%), and the detection rate in shrimp, crab and shellfish was relatively high (26.92%). Listeria monocytogenes was mainly found in pork (13.35%) and fish (7.87%). The overall positive rates of Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were comparatively low, with 2.08% and 1.44%, respectively. The contamination rates of Cronobacter and Staphylococcus aureus in milk powder were both 0.99%. The detection rates of Listeria monocytogens in pork from Europe (15.61%) and South America (10.71%) were higher than that from North America (3.77%). The detection rate of Listeria monocytogens in fish (mainly salmon) from South America (11.39%) was higher than that in other regions (5.77%~6.67%). Raw aquatic products were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes (7.77%), Vibrio paraphaemolytics (4.33%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.43%), and Salmonella (0.49%). Conclusion The species and contaminaton rates of food-borne pathogenic bacteria vary in different contries and food categories, which needs more targeted inspection. Various species of bacteria are detected in raw aquatic products and milk powder, and this needs to be concerned.