土壤重金属镉污染现状、危害及治理措施

镉是农田土壤污染中最常见的金属元素,也是一种剧毒金属,对食品安全乃至人类健康都构成了极大的威胁。不同的自然和人为因素是造成镉污染的主要原因,使得镉污染物最终在土壤中汇集,由于镉的微生物或化学损失极小,所以它能在土壤中长期存在,从而进入食物链。土壤是构成生态系统的基本环境要素,是人类生存和发展的重要物质基础。土壤中镉污染是一个普遍存在的环境问题,严重威胁着土壤资源的可持续利用和粮食的安全种植。本文通过对国内外土壤中镉的污染现状、污染来源以及对人类健康危害进行分析,综述了物理、化学、生物修复以及综合治理措施。最后针对珍贵的黑土资源中镉污染现状、危害及治理措施进行展望。拟为减少重金属镉污染造成的土壤污染,恢复受污染土壤的生态功能提供依据。

Status, harm and treatment measures of heavy metal cadmium pollution in soil

Cadmium is the most comment element in farmland soil pollution and also a highly toxic metal, which poses a great threat to the food safety and human health. Kinds of natural and manufactured acts are the main causes of Cadmium pollution, which leads to the accumulation of Cadmium pollutants in the soil. Due to the minimal microbial or chemical loss of Cadmium, it can persist in soil for a long time and into food chains. Soil is the basic environmental elements constituting ecosystem, and the important material basis of human being surviving and developing. Cadmium contaminated soil is a widespread environmental issue, which greatly threatens the sustainable use of soil resources and the safe cultivation of grain. This paper discussed the present situation of cadmium pollution in soil at home and abroad, pollution sources and the harm to human health, summarized the physical, chemical, bioremediation and comprehensive treatment measures, and prospected status, harm and treatment of heavy metal cadmium pollution in black soil (mollisol), in order to provide a basis for reducing the harm of heavy metal cadmium polluted soil and restoring the ecological function of polluted soil.