新疆昌吉地区食用菌中汞和镉含量的分析检测

目的了解昌吉地区食用菌中重金属汞和镉含量的情况,保障食用菌安全性。方法在昌吉地区的超市、农贸市场等地随机采集7种不同的食用菌,依据国标(GB5009.17食品中汞的检测第一法;GB5009.15食品中镉的检测第一法)测定其中汞和镉的含量,同时采用单因子污染指数法和综合因子污染指数法对食用菌的污染程度进行评价。结果 210种样品中汞超标率0.95%,镉超标率2.38%,且同种食用菌对不同重金属的富集能力有差异,黑平菇、鸡腿菇、平菇、金针菇、圆菇和杏鲍菇的富集趋势均为镉总汞;而香菇的富集趋势则为总汞镉。分级结果为金针菇、黑平菇、鸡腿菇、平菇、杏鲍菇为一级产品;圆菇为二级产品;香菇为三级产品。不同采样点中汞污染最高的是源自农贸市场的食用菌,平均值为0.054 mg/kg;镉污染最高的是市场,平均值为0.059 mg/kg。结论昌吉大部分地区重金属污染较为严重,可能是食用菌生长环境中重金属含量较高所致,因此需要从栽培源头加大控制防范力度。

Analysis and determination of mercury and cadmium content in edible fungi in Xinjiang Changji area

Objective: to understand the situation of heavy metal content of mercury and cadmium in edible fungi in Changji area, and to ensure the safety of edible fungi. Methods: in the Changji area supermarkets, farmers markets and other places were collected from 7 different kinds of edible fungi, according to the national standard (GB5009.17 mercury in food detection method 1; GB5009.15 cadmium in food detection method) determination of mercury, cadmium, and the index method and comprehensive index method and the single factor pollution (NY/T398-2000 agriculture, livestock and aquatic products pollution monitoring technical specifications) to evaluate the pollution degree of edible fungi. Results: 210 samples of mercury cadmium exceed the standard rate of 0.95%, exceed the standard rate of 2.38%, the enrichment ability of edible fungi and the same for different heavy metals are different, black mushroom, Coprinus comatus, enrichment trend of mushroom, needle mushroom, mushroom and pleurotus eryngii enrichment trend were cadmium > total mercury; and letinous edodes"s for the total mercury > cadmium. The classification results for needle mushroom, black mushroom, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus ostreatus pleurotus eryngiias one level products; mushroom two level products; letinous edodes three level products.