国内外饮用水水质标准中微生物指标的比较综述

本文系统介绍了我国现行的生活饮用水水质标准(GB 5749-2006),并与国外的水质标准(美国EPA《国家饮用水水质标准》、WHO《饮用水水质准则》、欧盟《饮用水水质指令》及其他国家的饮用水标准)中微生物指标进行综述比较,分析了各水质标准中微生物指标及其限量,并对我国饮用水水质标准的实施和发展提出建议。本文认为,与国外水质检测标准相比,虽然我国饮用水水质微生物指标新增致病性大肠埃希氏菌、病原性原生动物贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫,基本与世界水质检测指标接轨,但仍缺少病毒和产毒藻类等影响水质安全、威胁水环境安全和生物健康的微生物项目。考虑到日益严重的食品安全现状,饮用水水质指标的及时更新和采样环节的标准化,检测报告的公正公开已成为保证饮用水水质安全的重要手段。

Comparative review of microbial indexes of Chinese and foreign water quality standards

The differences in microbial indexes of drinking water quality standards between sanitary standard for drinking water (GB 5749-2006) of China and foreign countries (The drinking water standards and health advisories by US-EPA, guidelines for drinking-water quality by World Health Organization, Council Directive 98-83-EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption by European Union and of other coun-tries) were reviewed in this paper. Besides, the microbial indexes and its limitation of each drinking water standard and some suggestion of actualizing and developing were discussed. Compared to foreign drinking water standards, pathogenic Escherichia coli and pathogenic protozoan (e.g. Cryptosporidium and giardi) had be added to microbial indexes for drinking water in China, which had been basically integrated with indexes for drinking water quality in the world, but these microbial indexes also lacked viruses and toxic alga which could affect water quality safety and threaten security of watery environment as well as human health. Considering the increasing status of food safety, the regenerable indexes of drinking water, and the standardization of sample link, the fair and open checking reports will become an important tool for guarantee the safety of drinking water.