食品中重金属检测快速前处理技术研究进展

目前食品中重金属的仪器分析方法大部分时间耗费在前处理步骤上。为提高检测效率,快速前处理技术被不断发展并应用到食品中重金属的检测。食品中重金属常见的快速前处理技术主要包括溶剂提取、微波辅助样品前处理技术、无需前处理的直接进样技术以及其他技术。其中溶剂提取法主要利用酸、碱或有机溶剂选择提取样品中的待测元素;微波技术利用微波电磁能转变为热能,加速样品萃取过程或引燃样品;直接进样技术无需消解处理,可固体直接进样或以悬浮液方式进样。本文对食品中重金属的快速前处理技术进行了综述。展望了食品中重金属快速前处理技术的发展方向,为今后快速前处理方法的开发和标准化提供了思路和借鉴。

Research progress on rapid pretreatment of heavy metals detection in food

At present, instrumental analysis of heavy metals in foods spends most of its time in the pre-processing step. In order to improve theefficiency of detection, rapid pretreatment techniqueshas been continuously developed and applied to the detection of heavy metals in food. The common rapid pretreatment methods of heavy metals in food mainly included solvent extraction, microwave assisted technology, direct injection technology and other technologies.In the solvent extraction method, acid, alkali or organic solvent was used to extract the elements; in the microwave technology, microwave electromagnetic energy was converted into heat energy to accelerate the extraction process or ignite the sample; direct injection technology didnot need digestion treatment, anditcould be directly injectedby solid or suspension. This paper reviewed therapid pretreatment techniques of heavy metals in food, and prospected the development direction of rapid pretreatment technologyof heavy metals in food, which provided ideas and references for the development and standardization of fast pretreatment methods in the future.