食品中微生物限量要求及检测技术发展趋势

近几年国家食品安全抽检不合格情况的汇总分析和中国大陆食源性疾病爆发监测的数据显示,微生物性因素导致不合格问题以及食源性疾病一直居于首位。我国的食品安全监管模式正逐步与国际接轨,从注重终产品检测转变为注重过程控制。食品微生物检测作为食品的卫生管理和安全性评价的指标越来越受到重视。本文综述了目前国内外食品中微生物的限量要求及标准体系的变化,并介绍了食源性微生物检测及鉴定技术的应用及相关产品的应用情况,包括:显色培养基、测试片、ATP荧光法、PCR技术、生物芯片、质谱、测序技术等。在此基础上,分析讨论我国标准体系及检测技术的应用面临的问题、挑战及发展趋势。

Requirements of microbial limit and development trend of detection technology

In recent years, the summary analysis of the unqualified situation in national food safety sampling inspection and the monitoring data of foodborne disease outbreak in mainland China show that the unqualified problem caused by microbial factors and foodborne disease are always in the first place. China''s food safety supervision model is gradually in line with the international standards, changing from focus on end product testing to process control. And as an index of food hygiene management and safety evaluation, food microbiological detection has been paid more and more attention. This paper reviewed the changes of limitation requirements and the standard system of microorganism in food at home and abroad, and introduced the application of foodborne microorganism detection and identification technology and related products, including chromogenic medium, test tablet, ATP fluorescence method, PCR technology, biochip, mass spectrometry, sequencing technology and so on. On this basis, it analyzed and discussed the problems, challenges and development trends of the application of our standard system and testing technology.