坚果和干果中黄曲霉毒素的污染、检测与控制

坚果和干果在生产、加工和储藏过程中易受到黄曲霉毒素污染。黄曲霉毒素是一类毒性极强的真菌毒素, 其中黄曲霉毒素B1污染最普遍、毒性最强, 其易引发急、慢性毒性, 致癌、致畸、免疫抑制等多种危害, 严重威胁果品安全, 危害人类健康。坚果和干果中黄曲霉毒素污染状况的阐释能够更加明晰其在不同果品中的污染差异, 为有针对性地控制毒素污染奠定了基础。坚果和干果中黄曲霉毒素的准确检测是分析其污染状况的前提。另外, 如何防控黄曲霉毒素在坚果和干果中的污染, 降低黄曲霉毒素对人类健康的影响, 一直是研究的重点。本文对国内外坚果和干果中黄曲霉毒素的污染情况及限量标准, 黄曲霉毒素的检测方法和防控措施进行了综述, 以期为坚果和干果中黄曲霉毒素的污染控制提供理论基础和指导。

Contamination, determination and control of aflatoxin in nuts and dry fruits

Nuts and dry fruits are susceptible to aflatoxins contamination during growth, processing and storage. Aflatoxin is a kind of highly toxic mycotoxins. Among them, aflatoxin B1 is the most common and most toxic, and it is easy to cause acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive and other hazards, which seriously threats fruit safety and endangers human health. The interpretation of aflatoxin contamination in nuts and dried fruits can clarify the difference in pollution among different fruits and lay the foundation for targeted control of toxin contamination. Accurate detection of aflatoxins in nuts and dried fruits is a prerequisite for ensuring a clear understanding of the pollution status. In addition, how to prevent and control the contamination of aflatoxins in nuts and dried fruits and reduce their harmful impacts on human health has always been the focus of research. In this paper, the contamination and limit standard of aflatoxin in nuts (dry fruits) at home and abroad, the detection methods and control measures of aflatoxin were briefly summarized, which might provide the theoretical basis and guidance for the control of aflatoxin contamination in nuts and dried fruits.