生物传感技术在食品中重金属检测中的应用进展

食品重金属污染事件常见报道，重金属在人体内积累后，可通过干扰人体蛋白质和酶的运输而产生生理毒性。因此，重金属的检测对于保障食品安全具有重要意义。近年来，生物传感检测技术因其方法构建灵活、特异性强、检测效率高和易于便携化等优点，广泛应用于临床诊断、药物分析、环境检测和食品安全领域。尤其在食品中重金属污染的检测中，生物传感方法可提供灵活多变的检测策略，且易于实现现场快速检测。本文总结了食品重金属污染的传统检测方法和新型检测方法，重点介绍了荧光、表面增强拉曼（SERS）、电化学、场效应晶体管（FET）等生物传感器的优缺点，为食品中重金属污染物的检测和控制提供参考，同时也有助于促进检测新技术的发展，为规范食品安全和提高食品质量提供新思路。

Applications advance of biosensing techniques on the detection of heavy metal in food

The accidents of heavy metal contaminations in food are commonly reported, and the accumulation of heavy metals in human body causes physiological toxicity by interfering with the transport of proteins and enzymes. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect heavy metals for food safety assurance. Recently, owning to their advantages including flexible construction process, strong specificity, high detection efficiency and convenient portability, biosensing techniques have been widely used in clinical diagnosis, drug analysis, environmental testing, and food safety detection. Especially for analyzing heavy metals in food stuffs, biosensors can provide flexible detection strategies, which is readily to achieve rapid on-site testing. This review summarized both traditional methods and rapid detection methods for determining heavy metal in food samples, and mainly introduced the advantages and disadvantages of several newly developed biosensing techniques like fluorescence, surface enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemistry and field effect transistor, which was supposed to give a reference for detecting and controlling heavy metal in foods, as well as promote the development of new detection technology and provide new ideas for standardizing food safety and improving food quality.