农产品真菌毒素混合污染与累积风险评估研究进展

真菌毒素混合污染危害人畜及农作物健康。目前真菌毒素累积风险评估研究多针对常见的混合污染物,且国内研究较少。此外,毒理学数据及居民消费数据较缺乏,科学的采样方法及人体暴露量的测定方法有待改进。本文阐述了现有的农产品真菌毒素混合污染物的累积风险评估方法以及存在的问题,在危害描述方面,不同含量的真菌毒素混合物在不同动物细胞的体内或体外实验中产生的联合毒性存在差异;在暴露评估方面,基于概率评估的膳食暴露评估和基于生物标记物的暴露评估方法研究日益增多;在风险描述方面,已报道的针对真菌毒素的方法包括危害指数(hazard index,HI)和联合暴露限量值指数(combined margin of exposure index,MOET)。提出了开展真菌毒素混合污染风险评估的必要性,以期为保护人体健康、制定真菌毒素混合污染物限量标准和健康指导值提供基础。

Advances in research on co-occurrence and cumulative risk assessment of mycotoxins in agricultural products

Multi-mycotoxin co-occurrence has adverse impact on human and animal health. At present, the accumulative risk assessment of mycotoxin mostly aims at common pollutants, and few studies have been carried out in China. In addition, toxicological data and consumption data are scarce relatively. Scientific sampling methods and analysis methods of human exposure need to be improved. This paper described the current researches and existing problems on cumulative risk assessment of the co-existing mycotoxins in agricultural commodities. In terms of hazard characterization, the combined effects of mycotoxin mixture differed with their combinations, relative concentrations and animal cell types in vivo or in vitro. In respect of exposure assessment, there were more and more studies using probabilistic dietary exposure assessment and biomarker based exposure assessment methods. With regards to risk characterization, the methods reported for co-existing contaminants of multi-mycotoxin included hazard index (HI) and combined margin of exposure index (MOET). Therefore, in order to protect human health, as well as provide basis for establishment of the limit standard and the health guidance value for multi-mycotoxin, it is necessary to carry out the study on cumulative risk assessment of multi-mycotoxin.