氧化锌纳米颗粒对玉米储藏过程中霉菌区系及其品质的影响

目的 探索氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO nanoparticles，ZnO-NPs）对玉米储藏期过程中霉菌区系以及其储藏品质的影响，方法 将玉米分成3份，经过不同浓度的氧化锌纳米颗粒悬浮液的处理，以不添加氧化锌纳米颗粒作为对照（CK），置于30 ℃下模拟储藏35 d，对不同处理组的玉米霉菌区系和储藏品质变化进行监测与分析。结果 贮储藏35 d后，处理组霉菌量为4×104 CFU/mL，而对照组玉米中霉菌量为1.4×106 CFU/mL，是处理组的47倍，表明氧化锌纳米颗粒有效抑制了玉米储藏过程中霉菌的生长繁殖。玉米在整个储藏过程中优势霉菌主要为黄曲霉、黑曲霉、温特曲霉、桔青霉和查氏青霉等青霉属和曲霉属。储藏时间和霉菌量呈显著性正相关，氧化锌纳米颗粒添加浓度和玉米中霉菌量呈显著性负相关。随着储藏时间的增加，玉米中脂肪酸值、电导率、丙二醛显著上升，过氧化物酶（POD ）活力显著下降，水分也呈下降趋势。揭示了低浓度氧化锌纳米颗粒对细胞膜有一定的保护作用，而高浓度氧化锌纳米颗粒会对细胞膜系统造成破坏。结论 氧化锌纳米颗粒可以显著抑制玉米储藏过程中霉菌的生长繁殖，同时低浓度添加更有利于玉米的储藏。

Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on mold flora and quality of maize during storage

Objective To explore the effect of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the mold flora and storage quality of cornmaize during storage. Methods The cornmaize was divided into 3 parts, treated with different concentrations of ZnO-NPszinc oxide nanoparticle suspension., The maize without ZnO-NPs was used as control (CK), which was stored at 30°C for 35 days.The mold flora and different treatment groups were tracked and analyzed.Results After 35 days of storage, the total number of mold colonies in the treatment group was 4×104 CFU/mL, 47 times less than CK, whichit was 1.4×106 CFU/mL.It meanes that ZnO-NPscould effectively inhibited the mold growth duringmaize storage.The dominant were Penicillium and Aspergillus during the whole storage of maize, such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus winterteri, Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium chastii. There was a significant positive correlation between storage time and the total number of mold flora in maize, and a significant negative correlation between the concentration of ZnO-NPs and the total number of mold flora With the increase of storage time, the fatty acid value, electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde in increased significantly , the POD activity decreased significantly, as did the water content. The results revealed that the low concentration of ZnO-NPs has a certain protective effect on the cell membrane, while the high concentration could cause damage. Conclusion ZnO-NPs could significantly inhibit the growth of mold during maize storage, and low concentration addition was more conducive.