衍生化技术在MALDI质谱成像中的应用进展

近年来，基质辅助激光解吸离子化（matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, MALDI）质谱成像（mass spectrometry imaging, MSI）技术发展迅速，在很多领域均有广泛应用。质谱成像技术虽然可以同时得到上百个化合物的数据，但是对于低丰度、离子化效率低和易受基质峰干扰的化合物的成像分析仍然极具挑战。为了提高质谱成像中目标分子的信号响应，将原位衍生化方法应用于质谱成像技术中是非常必要的。衍生化方法与质谱成像的结合已成功实现了不同类型目标分析物的成像分析，且均展现了优异的效果。本文综述了样本上原位衍生化方法在MALDI质谱成像中的应用，包括用于含有羧基、氨基、醛基等活性基团的目标分子的衍生化试剂和衍生化反应，以及衍生化的基质选择和试剂的涂覆装置，并展望了衍生化方法结合MALDI质谱成像技术的发展趋势。

Research Progress of Derivatization Method in MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been developed rapidly in recent years and has been widely used in many fields. Although MALDI MSI can obtain multiple imaging data of different compounds in one experiment, the imaging analysis of small molecules with low abundance, low ionization efficiency, and matrix interference is still very challenging. In order to improve the signal response of target molecules in MALDI MSI, it is necessary to apply the on-tissue derivatization to MALDI MSI. In recent years, the combination of derivatization and mass spectrometry imaging has shown excellent results for the analysis of target molecules containing reactive groups such as carboxyl, amino, and aldehyde groups. This review aims to introduce the application of on-tissue derivatization on MALDI MSI, including developed derivatization reagents and pretreatment methods for derivatization, the selection of matrix and the reagent coating device. Finally, the perspectives for derivatization in mass spectrometry imaging are outlooked.