高速列车会车压力波对侧窗的影响

高速列车会车时产生的空气压力波动会给交会车辆的侧窗造成很大的冲击,有可能出现破窗事故,给乘客和列车运行带来安全隐患。以三维、非稳态、粘性雷诺时均方程和k-ε两方程紊流模型为基础,采用移动网格的有限体积数值计算方法,仿真分析5种车速(200km/h、250km/h、300km/h、350km/h、400km/h)条件下明线和长隧道内等速会车的动态过程。得到侧窗上完整的会车压力波变化曲线。计算结果表明,明线会车与长隧道内会车产生的压力波对列车侧窗的影响有很大的不同,长隧道内会车时在交会车辆侧窗上产生的气动负压波峰值比明线会车时产生的负压波峰值要大将近一倍,因此不能将明线上会车压力波变化结论外推到隧道内会车情况。以计算结果为基础,分析会车引起破窗的原因和评价侧窗强度的方法。在进行高速列车侧窗设计时,不但要考虑窗玻璃本身的抗冲击强度,还必须考虑列车侧窗的安装强度。相同面积的侧窗,周长大的车窗更有利。

Influence of Air Pressure Pulse on Side Windows of High-speed Trains Passing Each Other

Air pressure pulse from high-speed trains passing each other will cause a big impact on train side windows,which could result in a broken window accident, thereby bringing about hidden danger to passengers and train running. Based on 3D, Reynolds average Navier-Stokes equations of viscous fluid and k-ε two equations turbulent model, dynamic processes of high-speed trains passing each other in open air and in long tunnel at five different speeds (200 km/h, 250 km/h, 300 km/h, 350 km/h and 400 km/h) are simulated and analyzed by using moving mesh finite volume method. Complete pressure pulse change profile on side windows is obtained. The calculation results show that there is a big difference between pressure pulses from trains passing each other in open air and in long tunnel. Minus pressure pulse peak acting on train side windows as the trains passing through each other in long tunnel is about two times that in open air. Therefore it is not correct to using the pressure pulse change tendency of trains passing through each other in open air to that in tunnel. Based on the results of calculation, reasons of side window broken from trains passing through each other and the method of assessment for side window strength are analyzed. When side windows of a high-speed train are designed, not only the strength of resistance to impact on window glass should be considered, but also assembling strength of the window glass must be considered. A glass window with long perimeter is favorable for resistance to impact of air pressure pulse when the windows aera equal.