高速铁路钢轨打磨技术的发展现状与展望

钢轨在服役过程中不可避免会产生波磨、裂纹、剥离、肥边等各种损伤和缺陷，严重影响其使用寿命和列车运行安全。钢轨打磨是当前国内外公认的去除表面损伤和缺陷、抑制滚动接触疲劳、改善轮轨匹配关系、延长钢轨使用寿命、提高列车运行平稳性、安全性以及乘客舒适度的有效和通用手段。概述预打磨、预防性打磨和修复性打磨三种钢轨打磨策略，然后将适用于高速铁路的钢轨打磨技术系统性的分为砂轮端面打磨技术、砂轮周面打磨技术、铣磨复合打磨技术、砂轮高速打磨技术和砂带打磨技术，并对每种打磨技术的原理、国内外相关研究及其对应的典型打磨装备发展现状进行详细评述，最后指出高速铁路钢轨打磨装备总体上呈现智能化、高效化、多样化和绿色化发展趋势，打磨技术将随着先进制造理念的不断渗透而发展进步，同时须研发我国自主化高端钢轨打磨装备，以全面提升我国高速铁路钢轨维护水平。

Development Status and Prospect of Rail Grinding Technology for High Speed Railway

Rails in service are unavoidably prone to suffer from kinds of defects such as corrugation, crack, spalling and lipping, leading to serious influence to its life and train's safety. Rail grinding has been widely recognized as an effective and general means to remove the flaws, restrain the rolling contact fatigue, improve the wheel-rail contact condition, extend the rail's service life, and increase running stability, safety as well as passengers' comfort. Three kinds of rail grinding strategies are outlined, and the rail grinding technologies for high speed railways are systematically divided into the facing grinding by abrasive wheel, the peripheral grinding by abrasive wheel, the milling and grinding compound process, the high speed grinding by abrasive wheel and the abrasive belt grinding. Then the basic principle, the related research at home and abroad, and the corresponding typical rail grinding equipments for every technology are reviewed in detail. Finally, the development trend is pointed out that the rail grinding equipments for high speed railways advance towards intellectualization, high efficiency, diversification and greenization, and the rail grinding technologies progress with the continuous infiltration of advanced manufacturing philosophy. Meanwhile, the autonomous high-end rail grinding equipments should be developed to comprehensively upgrade the rail maintenance level of the high speed railways.