多对称机械系统的功能设计研究*

多对称在机械系统中普遍存在，而且对系统满足设计需求起着重要的作用。系统分析国际、国内机械设计学发展的思路，阐明机械概念设计与详细设计，功能设计与原理设计，需求对称性、功能对称性、原理对称性与结构对称性的内涵，认为功能结构是功能设计的结果，功能结构体现了系统解的原理和结构布局。提出多对称机械系统的分类体系。通过对一千多个机械实例的分析，探索各种多对称在功能结构中的存在方式和在机械中的效用，发现多对称机械系统的功能结构主要由功能并联分解和组合，功能串联分解和组合，功能交叉串并联，功能并联复合，功能循环，功能选择和决策等基本模式组成。进而获取机械系统功能-载体配置原理与多对称类型之间的关联性知识和应用多对称性进行系统功能设计的规律性知识。最后利用上述知识发明一个具有多对称特征的海浪发电装置，并给出其功能结构。

Research on Functional Design of Multi-symmetry Mechanical System

Multi-symmetry widely exists in mechanical system, and plays an important role in meeting design requirements. The development strategy of the mechanical design at home and abroad is analyzed systematically. The insights of the mechanical conceptual and detailed design, the functional and principle design, the symmetry of design requirements, the symmetry of mechanical functions, the symmetry of principles and the symmetry of structures are discussed and a conclusion is that function structures are the result of functional design and reflect the principles and structure layouts of a system solution. A multi-symmetry mechanical system classification framework is proposed. Through the analysis of more than one thousand mechanical instances, the existence forms of the multi-symmetry in function structures and their mechanical effects are explored. The function structures of the multi-symmetry mechanical systems are composed by several basic modes such as the function parallel decomposition and combination, function series decomposition and combination, function cross series and parallel combination, function parallel compound, function circulation, function selection and decision. And then the relevant knowledge between the deployment of function carriers of mechanical systems and multi-symmetry types, and the regular knowledge for employing the multi-symmetry in the function design of mechanical systems are acquired. A wave power generation device which has multi-symmetry characteristics is invented by using the above knowledge and its function structures are given finally.