融合功能倒推与裁剪法的系统创新设计方法*

裁剪法是产品改进创新的重要方法，而功能分析是实施裁剪的基础。对于复杂机械系统，功能分析常常面临组件层级难以确定的问题，依赖设计者个人理解和经验判断，操作上存在较大的主观性，不同设计者分析过程和结果往往差异较大。为提高功能分析客观可操作性，基于逆向工程思维，提出了由系统目标向系统内部组件逐步遍历的功能倒推分析法。该方法专注于接触界面，从系统主要功能的目标对象开始，通过相互作用分析倒推功能载体，逐层循环迭代倒推直至遍历所有组件。进一步，结合功能倒推分析法与裁剪法，运用TRIZ问题求解工具，建立系统重构创新设计过程模型。最后，以钢轨铣磨车磨装置为例进行系统重构创新设计，验证了功能倒推分析法和系统重构创新设计方法的实用性和有效性。

Systematic Innovative Design by Integrating Function Backtracking with Trimming

Trimming is an important tool for product updating while the function analysis is the basic of trimming. To a complex mechanical system, it is difficult to determine the hierarchical level during function analysis. Usually, decision making relies on personal experience and operations are obscure and subjective. The implement process and the analysis result depending on the operator differ significantly. To improve the operability of function analysis, the function backtracking method is proposed based on reverse engineering. Focusing on contact interfaces, it begins with the target of the main function of system. Then, the function carrier is identified backward according to the interaction analysis. Continuously, this step is done iteratively. All components and functions of the system are identified from the local to the whole. Furthermore, the function backtracking method is combined with trimming to build a new model for systematic reconstruction by using TRIZ solving tools. Finally, the grinding device of rail serves as the use case for innovative design with the proposed method. The results indicate that the function backtracking method and the proposed model are practicable and effective.