基于虚拟测距的单星光学监测空间目标定轨方法

基于单颗天基卫星的光学监测数据在轨道改进时的可观测性差,迭代难以收敛,甚至法方程病态,造成大批量空间目标编目定轨失败。本文分析了仅利用单星光学监测确定空间目标轨道的特点和难点,针对基于天基监测的定轨亏秩问题和单星光学监测定轨的可观测度进行了研究。基于先验轨道信息建立了虚拟测距模型,提出了一种利用虚拟测距和天基测角数据联合的轨道改进方法,提高了利用单颗天基卫星的光学监测数据定轨系统的可观测性。采用我国首颗天基监测试验卫星2015年某40天内监测到的400多个目标的实测数据进行验证,添加虚拟测距后,定轨成功率由原来小于10%提高到90%以上,同时提高了轨道确定精度。

Orbit determination of space objects with single satellite optical observations and virtual range

Observability of optical monitoring data based on single space-based satellite is poor when the orbit is improved, iteration cannot be converged and even normal equation would be ill-conditioned, which would cause failure of cataloging and orbit determination of a large number of space targets. Features and difficulties of application of single-satellite optical monitoring to determine the orbit of space target were analyzed. Then the rank deficiency of orbit determination based on space-based monitoring and the observability of orbit determination of single-satellite optical monitoring were studied. On the basis of priori orbit information, a virtual ranging model was established. An orbit improvement method that combined virtual ranging and space-based angle measurement data was put forward, which improves the observability of optical monitoring data orbit determination system based on single space-based satellite. The verification was implemented on the basis of measured data of more than 400 targets monitored in 40 days in 2015 by the first space-based monitoring test satellite of China. After virtual ranging was added, success rate of orbit determination is increased from less than 10% to 90% above and the precision of orbit determination is improved as well.