高频调制矢量原子磁力仪综述

通过施加调制磁场降低测量1/f噪声、实现矢量化测量，是原子磁力仪中常用的方法。根据调制磁场频率与弛豫率的相对大小，可以分为低频调制和高频调制两大类。本文对高频调制原子磁力仪进行了总结和分类，按照调制磁场方向与抽运光方向的相对位置分为平行调制与垂直调制两大类，之后再按照主磁场方向细分为七类不同的配置。详细分析了其中四类较为常见的配置，分别是垂直调制X型、垂直调制零场型、平行调制Z型和平行调制零场型。从Bloch方程出发，推导了这4类配置的测量解析模型，除了梳理和验证现有文献的理论分析之外，也得到一些现有文献没有提及的测量模型。采用MATLAB Simulink模块进行了数值仿真，验证了解析模型推导过程一些简化处理的合理性。给出了Bloch方程的通用Simulink模型，可用于任意配置原子磁力仪的数值仿真。

Review of high frequency modulation vector atomic magnetometers

The objective of reducing 1 / f noise and achieving vectorized measurements by applying a modulation field is frequently used in atomic magnetometers. According to the relative magnitude of the modulation field frequency and relaxation rate, modulation atomic magnetometer (AM) can be divided into two categories, which are low frequency modulation AM and high frequency modulation AM. In this article, we summarize and classify high frequency modulation atomic magnetometers into two categories. The first is parallel modulation and the other is perpendicular modulation according to the relative position between the direction of the modulation field and that of the pump beam. Furthermore, seven different configurations are listed according to the main field direction, among which four configurations are analyzed in detail, namely perpendicular modulation X mode, perpendicular modulation zero-field mode, parallel modulation Z mode and parallel modulation zero-field mode. The measurement models for these four configurations are derived from the Bloch equation. In addition to combing and validating the theoretical analysis of the existing literature, we also obtain some measurement models that are not mentioned in the existing literatures. Numerical simulation is implemented by MATLAB Simulink module, which evaluates the rationality of some simplifications during analytical model derivation. Finally, a general Simulink model of Bloch equation is given, which can be used for numerical simulation of atomic magnetometers with different configurations.