全国自动站运行能力统计及其影响因素分析

自动气象站运行能力的高低和探测数据的质量状况直接影响气象预报的准确性和决策服务的有效性,对自动站运行状况进行科学、合理的评估以及对设备运行状况影响因素的分析十分必要。基于上述原因,本文从通信能力、设备运行能力和设备故障率三方面对综合气象观测系统运行监控平台上运行的全国所有国家级自动气象站的运行情况进行了综合评估,并对影响设备运行能力的因子进行了分析。结果表明:自动站的观测要素数据错误和报文格式错误是导致观测数据报文到报率低的主要因素;气候因子是影响设备运行能力的重要因素,针对性的进行自动站的极端天气抵抗能力研究也显得十分重要;从故障的原因分类中可以看出,雷击占故障总量的40%,因此,加强自动站的防雷措施是提高自动站运行能力的重要环节;从自动站故障的发生部位的统计情况也可以发现,网络传输终端故障的发生频次也较高,统一网络传输方式也是降低设备故障,提高自动站运行能力的途径之一;从各自动站生产厂家数据到报率和设备运行能力的统计结果可以发现,广东、无锡所生产的自动站效能较高,而V a isa la的相对最低;自动站生产厂家多,设备接口不统一,参数复杂是影响自动站运行能力的最主要问题。因此,统一设备生产厂家是提高自动站运行能力的根本途径。

China automatic weather stations' operation ability statistics and its influencing factors analysis

Automatic weather stations operation ability and the detection data quality directly effects meteorological forecast accuracy and validity of decision-making service. It is necessary to give a scientific and reasonable evaluation of automatic operation status and to give a analysis of the factors affecting equipment running status. Based on the above reasons, this paper gave a synthesized evaluation of China State automatic weather stations from the communication ability, equipment operation ability and equipment breakdown rate in The At- mospheric Observing System Operations and Monitoring, ASOM. Besides, we analyzed the influence factors affecting equipment oper- ation ability in this article. The results showed that= The observation elements data errors and the data format errors were the main fac- tors which affected the low coming rate of observation data mes- sage. Climate factor was the important factor influencing equipment operation ability, so it was very important to take the targeted study of strengthen automatic station ＂s resistance of extreme weather. From the classification of breakdown reasons we could find that light- ning took the 40% of the total breakdowns. Therefore, strengthen the automatic lightning protection was one of the important factors to improve the AWS＇s operation ability. From the statistics the AWS＇s malfunction positions we could find, the network transmission termi- nal malfunction frequency was also high. Unifying the network trans- mission style was one of the methods to reduce AWS malfunction and to improve the AWS＇s operation abilities. From the statistics of the data coming rates and the operation abilities of these different manufacturers we could find that Guangdong,Wuxi were relatively higher, Vaisala was relatively low. The ASWs in China came from many manufacturers, so the equipments had different connectors ports and the parameters were complex, these were the main factors influenced the operation ability. Therefore, unifying the equipment manufacturers became the most important methods to improve the AWSs operation abilities in China.