HNO3改性活性炭对不同价态离子的电吸附规律

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2350

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以硝酸改性活性炭为原材料，制备电吸附电极，并研究其对8种常见金属盐离子的吸附特性；分别采用扫描电镜、比表面积及孔径分析仪、红外光谱仪和电化学工作站等对改性前后材料的性能进行表征和分析。结果表明：改性后的活性炭相比于改性前拥有更好的孔隙结构，含氧官能团增多，制备出的电极电化学性能更好；在除盐实验中，制备的电极对价态越高的离子去除速率越快但去除率越低；对于同价态离子，水合离子半径越小时去除速率越快且去除率越高；离子从溶液到电极表面再到活性材料孔道内部的过程，主要为物理吸附过程，也存在较微弱的化学吸附。

关键词: 活性炭, 电极制备, 电吸附, 吸附动力学

Abstract:

In this study, nitric acid-modified activated carbon was used as the raw material to prepare the electrodes for electrosorption, and its adsorption and removal characteristics of eight common metal salt ions were investigated. The properties of the materials before and after modification were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and porosity analyzer, infrared spectrometer, electrochemical workstation and so on. The results showed that the modified activated carbon had a better pore structure and more oxygen-containing functional groups than before, resulting in better performance of the prepared electrode. According to the results of the desalination experiment, the higher the ion valence state was, the more quickly the electrode removed the ion, but the removal rate of ions was declining with increasing ion valence state. On the other hand, when the ion valence state was the same, the smaller the radius of hydrated ions was, the faster the electrode removed the ion, and the removal rate of ions was rising up with the declining of the radius of hydrated ions. The process of ions moving from the solution to the electrode surface and then to the inside of the pore of the active material was mainly a physical adsorption process, but there was also weak chemisorption. This study provided a reference for the practical application of electrode desalination.

Key words: activated carbon, electrode preparation, electroabsorption, adsorption kinetics

中图分类号:

TQ424.1

袁权, 李海红, 刘浩杰. HNO₃改性活性炭对不同价态离子的电吸附规律[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(9): 4986-4994.

YUAN Quan, LI Haihong, LIU Haojie. Electric adsorption laws of HNO₃-modified activated carbon for different valence ions[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(9): 4986-4994.

图/表 21

参考文献 18

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样品	比表面积/m²·g^-1	总孔容/cm³·g^-1	平均孔径/nm
AC	148.17	0.16	4.3
HNO₃-AC	341.38	0.42	4.9

样品	比表面积/m²·g^-1	总孔容/cm³·g^-1	平均孔径/nm
AC	148.17	0.16	4.3
HNO₃-AC	341.38	0.42	4.9

改性前后AC	C 1s	O 1s	N 1s
AC	69.22	14.49	1.05
HNO₃-AC	65.16	17.97	2.17

改性前后AC	C 1s	O 1s	N 1s
AC	69.22	14.49	1.05
HNO₃-AC	65.16	17.97	2.17

离子种类	σ-c关系方程	相关系数R²
Zn²⁺	σ=0.1046c+0.757	0.9993
Mg²⁺	σ=0.1061c+0.683	0.9993
Mn²⁺	σ=0.1019c+0.91	0.9991
Ca²⁺	σ=0.0955c+0.75	0.9991
Fe³⁺	σ=0.143c+0.787	0.9991
Al³⁺	σ=0.1345c+1.153	0.9991
K⁺	σ=0.0805c+0.281	0.9991
Na⁺	σ=0.0638c+0.36	0.9990

HNO₃改性活性炭对不同价态离子的电吸附规律

Electric adsorption laws of HNO₃-modified activated carbon for different valence ions

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参数	一价离子		二价离子				三价离子
参数	Na⁺	K⁺	Mn²⁺	Zn²⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Al³⁺	Fe³⁺
去除率/%	80.86	81.7	75.34	76.17	77	80.1	66.55	68.29
吸附平衡时间/min	100	95	90	85	80	70	55	50
水合离子半径/nm	0.358	0.331	0.438	0.43	0.428	0.412	0.475	0.457

离子种类	q_e/mg·g^-1	k₁/min^-1	R²
Fe³⁺	69.84203	0.08277	0.99792
Al³⁺	65.14445	0.07696	0.99598
Ca²⁺	82.3935	0.05238	0.9981
Mg²⁺	81.41524	0.04876	0.99792
Zn²⁺	79.13729	0.04362	0.99351
Mn²⁺	77.26577	0.03864	0.99389
K⁺	92.71654	0.02779	0.99718
Na⁺	90.71137	0.02605	0.99354

离子种类	q_e/mg·g^-1	k₂/min^-1	R²
Fe³⁺	76.74263	0.00171	0.99503
Al³⁺	72.30318	0.00160	0.99679
Ca²⁺	96.3138	0.00007	0.98231
Mg²⁺	96.30625	0.00060	0.98293
Zn²⁺	95.72711	0.00050	0.97558
Mn²⁺	95.52012	0.00042	0.97795
K⁺	122.19321	0.00021	0.98011
Na⁺	121.75304	0.00019	0.98467

离子种类	k_n /min^-1	R²
Fe³⁺	8.01149	0.46896
Al³⁺	7.44364	0.40818
Ca²⁺	9.04892	0.41207
Mg²⁺	8.8568	0.37921
Zn²⁺	8.45852	0.34302
Mn²⁺	8.07978	0.29454
K⁺	8.95356	0.21725
Na⁺	8.58248	0.22528

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