建筑可再生能源利用评价方法

引入能质系数(λ)和能源转换效率(ECC),综合考虑可再生能源利用收益、额外消耗以及建筑主要能源系统形式对评价结果的影响,在热力学第二定律的基础上推导出可再生能源利用评价的通用公式,并将之用于太阳能制冷系统评价中,从而为科学评价建筑中可再生能源的利用水平奠定了基础。     

考虑多元负荷需求响应的综合智慧能源系统协同优化调度

考虑综合智慧能源系统管理中电负荷和热负荷的可调度价值,提出了一种考虑电热多元负荷需求响应的综合智慧能源系统协同优化调度模型及方法。首先,利用用户对供热舒适度感知的模糊性及热网在传输过程中的热惯性,将热负荷作为能源系统中的柔性负荷加入到综合智慧能源系统的优化调度中。同时,综合考虑了电负荷与热负荷的不同类型的需求响应,构建了电热多元负荷综合需求响应模型。其次,引入能质系数将能量的“质”和“量”相结合,以系统用能效率最优为目标函数,考虑正常运行条件下电气热系统运行约束,建立了综合智慧能源系统协同优化调度模型,采用量子粒子群算法对模型进行分析计算。最后,利用IEEE 9节点系统、20节点天然气系统和6节点热系统为算例进行分析,验证了所建模型及方法的合理性和有效性。     

企业能量平衡(三)

四、效率与效果系数 1.在能量得失平衡中,有效利用能量占供给能量的百分比就是效率,它标志由能源供给的能量的利用程度。 通过有效利用能量从正面确定的效率称为正平衡效率,即     

武汉市既有公共建筑节能改造技术评估

采用能源审计的方法,分析了武汉市政府办公楼和大型公共建筑的节能潜力、节能率与回收期。结果表明,能源行为管理,过渡季节的自然通风,提高用能系统的能效比,充分利用可再生能源和自然采光等是成熟、可靠的节能技术。提出了节能分析按等价热值或者能质系数计算;节能率、经济性以年为单位核算;以实测能耗评价节能建筑,避免采用多种节能技术的建筑实际上是非节能建筑的现象。     

毛细管平面辐射空调系统的能质分析

阐述了能质系数、火用效率与热效率三者在孤立系统中的热力学关系,详细阐述了由于过程不可逆因素带来的火用、能质系数以及火用效率一系列的变化,分析了温差对火用效率的影响。以社会主流空调系统末端方式为例,得出了毛细管空调系统在能质利用上的绝对优势,揭示了这一优势的本质在于其用能品位低且换热温差较小。     

能源转换系统评价指标的研究

基于热力学第二定律的分析方法,提出了能质系数的概念,给出了各种形式能源的品位高低,以此为基础提出了能源转化系统的评价指标ECC。ECC指标克服了传统初次能耗折算方法不能反映不同初次能源品位差异的不足,该指标能够在反映能源品位的基础上对能源转换系统的效率进行评价。采用ECC指标,对常用采暖空调形式进行分析评价,为采暖空调领域的冷热源设计提供理论基础。     

计及能值的中国电力能源系统可持续性综合评价

电力能源系统的绿色发展关系经济活动的可持续发展,因此,电力能源系统的定量可持续性评价是"碳中和"目标下能源结构转型评价的关键工作.为定量统一分析不同发电技术的能量、经济及环境效益,首先采用能值分析理论对光伏、风电、水电、燃气及燃煤5种发电模式的能值可持续指数进行分析,发现现有技术经济水平下风电的能值可持续指数最优.其次...     

红塔烟草（集团）有限责任公司全面启动能源利用状况分析评价

红塔烟草（集团）有限责任公司，全面启动关索坝生产区生产用能系统能源利用状况分析评价工作。     

关于能源互联网层次架构的思考

能源利用系统包括一次能源通过载能介质的转换传输最终在工业、建筑物、交通运输三个领域以电、热和运输驱动力三种方式得以终端利用,是能源利用全过程的普遍规律。未来以可再生能源为主时代,能源互联网EI以智能电网、智能天然气管网为骨架,联结千万个基本单元—分布式供能系统DES,在高、低端储能辅助下实现高效转换和供需平衡。EI中的所有网络和单元都须先明晰其物理架构、流结构和功能层次结构等,才能建立表现为计算机软件的模型,并借助于互联网、大数据、云计算和人工智能实现规划、调度、管理和交易的优化,实现实时平衡和安全保障。     

全能量系统（TES）在楼宇系统中的实践与应用

全能量系统（ＴＥＳ）包括能质利用和能量利用两个方面的综合，它是在能源生产转换和利用中的高效用能系统，其中分能源阶梯开发和能源综合利用两方面的内容，国内外在楼宇系统中的应用已相继开展起来。本文通过南京新华大厦工程动力系统的方案，探讨了全能量在楼宗系统中实现的可能性，并初步分析了全能量在楼宇系统中应用的经济性。     

Energy consumption of a residential building: comparison of conventional and RES-based systems

The energy needs of a typical one-family house in the Thessaloniki area for heating, cooling and domestic hot water production are calculated. The calculations are based on the typical average daily consumption of hot water and on the degree-day method for heating and cooling. The results are finally translated into thermal energy consumption, assuming the typical Greek situation (heating with diesel oil boilers and conventional radiators, cooling with local air-to-air split-type heat pumps and hot water production with electric heaters). The same energy needs are assumed to be covered by a vertical closed loop ground heat exchanger combined with a water-to-water heat pump system with fan-coils for heating and cooling and a thermosyphonic solar system for domestic hot water production. The ground heat exchanger/heat pump system efficiency is determined using data from an existing and continuously monitored similar system installed in the broader area of Thessaloniki. The solar system load coverage is calculated using the f-chart method. The energy consumption of the renewable energy systems is calculated and compared to that of the conventional system. The results prove that significant energy savings can be achieved.     

Performance analysis and parametric study of thermal energy storage in an aquifer coupled with a heat pump and solar collectors,for a residential complex in Tehran,Iran

Aquifers are underground porous formations containing water. Confined aquifers are the formations surrounded by two impermeable layers, called cap rocks and bed rocks. These aquifers are suitable for seasonal thermal energy storage.In the present study, a confined aquifer was considered to meet the cooling and heating energy needs of a residential complex located in Tehran, Iran. Three different alternatives were analyzed in this aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES), including: using ATES for cooling alone, for cooling and heating, as a heat pump, and for heating alone, employing flat plate solar energy collectors. A numerical simulation, based on the finite difference method, was carried out for velocity and temperature distributions as well as the heat transfer in the aquifer. The thermal energy recovery factor and the annual coefficient of performance of the system were determined under various schemes of operation, revealing that the combination of the ATES with the heat pump, to meet both cooling and heating needs of the complex, is the best. The study was repeated for different aquifer properties.     

Analysis of combined cooling,heating, and power systems based on source primary energy consumption

Combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) is a cogeneration technology that integrates an absorption chiller to produce cooling, which is sometimes referred to as trigeneration. For building applications, CCHP systems have the advantage to maintain high overall energy efficiency throughout the year. Design and operation of CCHP systems must consider the type and quality of the energy being consumed. Type and magnitude of the on-site energy consumed by a building having separated heating and cooling systems is different than a building having CCHP. Therefore, building energy consumption must be compared using the same reference which is usually the primary energy measured at the source. Site-to-source energy conversion factors can be used to estimate the equivalent source energy from site energy consumption. However, building energy consumption depends on multiple parameters. In this study, mathematical relations are derived to define conditions a CCHP system should operate in order to guarantee primary energy savings.     

新型地板辐射供冷暖系统的理论研究

提出了一种新型地板辐射供冷暖系统,通过综合利用墙体和地板的导热,仅将金属管路布置在踢脚线内,并采取强化传热措施,即可满足室内供能需求.建立了该系统的理论模型,并用有限元方法对其传热性能进行了数值模拟.研究结果表明:该系统供能效果良好,冬季采用40℃供暖介质便能满足保温的节能后居住建筑的供冷暖需求,夏季用10℃制冷介质即可满足该房间的制冷需求;地板辐射面提供热量约占60%;系统供能能力受埋管管径、介质温度及强化传热的材料等因素的影响,其中介质温度的影响最为明显.     

先进供热技术进展

文章介绍了高能效、低排放的供热技术的最新进展。指出：高能效低排放供热技术将成为未来供热技术的发展目标;联合供热技术将成为供热方式变化的重要特点;供热、制冷和发电的联产技术将成为建筑及住宅空调的发展方向。     

Improved underground heat exchanger by using no-dig method for space heating and cooling

This paper describes experiments and analyses on an improved underground heat exchanger by using a no-dig method for the purpose of the cost reduction of a space heating and cooling system using underground thermal energy. First, the improved underground heat exchanger was installed on the campus of Hokkaido University, and it was shown that a ground source heat pump system utilizing the heat exchanger was sufficient for space heating and cooling. Second, evaluation program of the heat exchanger was developed, and the program was verified to give good predictions by comparing with experimental results. As a result of system simulations, an energy reduction for a system installation relative to a conventional vertical earth heat exchanger reached 78%. The primary energy reduction rate including the system installation and operation relative to a typical air source heat pump was 29%.     

化纤厂节能问题探讨

根据化纤厂暖通空调系统是企业能耗大户的特点，对热力系统冷凝水回收利用与采暖耗能、冷冻系统制冷机组本身性能优化及工艺运行调节、冷冻水和冷却水系统的水质控制及循环冷却塔的性能优化、空调系统过渡季节节能等方面进行分析，总结出耗能原因，并提出相应的节能措施。     

A case study for influence of building thermal insulation on cooling load and air-conditioning system in the hot and humid regions

Ensuring the effective thermal insulation in regions, where the cooling requirement of building with respect to heating requirement is dominant, is very important from the aspect of energy economy. In this study, the influence of thermal insulation on the building cooling load and the cooling system in case of air-conditioning by an all-air central air-conditioning system was evaluated for a sample building located in Adana, based on the results of three different types of insulation (A, B and C-type buildings) according to the energy efficiency index defined in the Thermal Insulation Regulation used in Turkey. The operating costs of the air-conditioning system were calculated using cooling bin numbers. Life-cycle cost analysis was carried out utilizing the present-worth cost method. Results showed that both the initial and the operating costs of the air-conditioning system were reduced considerably for all three insulation thicknesses. However, the optimum results in view of economic measurements were obtained for a C-type building. The thickness of thermal insulation for the buildings in the southern Turkey should be determined according to the guidelines for a C-type building.     

某节能住宅小区地下水源热泵系统应用的经济性及节能性分析

针对咸阳市某节能住宅小区供冷供热的需求,依据建筑节能规范指标要求,进行围护结构热工设计与计算。结合当地丰富的浅层地下水资源条件,确定了利用地下水源热泵系统对该住宅小区进行供冷供热方案。对系统经济性和节能性进行计算与分析,对比分析了建筑围护结构和空调系统对建筑节能的贡献率,指出了建筑节能集成效益的优势。