Investigation of the transport and fate of Pb, Cd, Cr(VI) and As(V) in soil zones derived from moderately contaminated farmland in Northeast, China

Some farmland in Shenyang had been irrigated with industrial wastewater since 1962. Although wastewater irrigation was ceased in 1992, soil had been heavily polluted by heavy metals, especially by Cd. For better understanding processes of soil-heavy metal interactions, in particular, the mobility and retention mechanism of heavy metal in soil, a study on the transport and fate of heavy metals in soil zones from Shenyang suburb was carried out by column leaching tests in laboratory. Breakthrough curves of Pb, Cd, Cr(VI) and As(V) fitted by Thomas model and Yoon–Nelson model. The results of fitted breakthrough curves showed that transport rates of the four heavy metals in the soil zones followed the order: Cr(VI) > As(V) > Cd > Pb, which indicated that Cr(VI) was much more mobile, and Pb was comparatively unmovable. Cr in effluents and As were almost entirely Cr(VI) and As(V), respectively, and no Cr(III) and As(III) was ever detected during the leaching tests. The contents of Pb, Cd, Cr and As in leached soils decreased in the order of Pb > Cd > Cr > As, which suggested that adsorption ability of soil to Pb was greatest and to As was least. The methods of selective sequential extraction and solvent extraction were used to determine the fractions of Pb, Cd, Cr, As and the valent states of Cr, As [Cr(VI) or Cr(III), As(V) or As(III)] in original soils and in leached soils. After leaching tests, the relative and absolute concentrations of exchangeable, carbonate, Fe–Mn oxide and organic fraction of each element were all increased, which enhanced the potential mobility and risk of Pb, Cd, Cr and As to soil/groundwater system. The relative concentrations of Cr(III) and As(III) in different depth of the soil zones after leaching tests were increased by about 6.0% and 5.6%, respectively. Cr(III) and As(III) tended to be adsorbed by soils, which reduced the mobility of them into groundwater.     

Time saving modified BCR sequential extraction procedure for the fraction of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in sediment samples of polluted lake

The mobility, availability and persistence of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in contaminated lake sediment samples were evaluated by means of sequential extraction scheme, proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference protocol (BCR). The metal content in the extracts was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The precision and accuracy of the proposed procedure were evaluated by using a certified reference material BCR 701. The maximum recoveries for heavy metals (HMs) were observed for all three steps of BCR protocol at 32h total shaking period instead of previously reported 51h, with p>0.05. The lixiviation tests (DIN 38414-S4) were used to evaluate the leaching of HMs from sediment samples and it was observed that levels of water extractable HMs were low as compared to those values obtained by acid-soluble fraction of the BCR protocol.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of various amendments on trace metals stabilization by chemical and biological methods

We evaluated the effects of five different kinds of amendments on heavy metals stabilization. The five amendments were: zero valent iron, limestone, acid mine drainage treatment sludge, bone mill, and bottom ash. To determine bioavailability of the heavy metals, different chemical extraction procedures were used such as, extraction with (Ca(NO(3))(2), DTPA; toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), physiologically based extraction test (PBET) that simulates gastric juice, and sequential extraction test. Bioavailability was also determined by measuring uptake of the heavy metals by lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida). In addition, dehydrogenase activity was measured to determine microbial activity in the soil with the different amendments. The addition of amendments, especially limestone and bottom ash, resulted in a significant reduction in extractable metal contents. Biological assays using lettuce, earthworm, and enzyme activity were found as appropriate indicators of available metal fraction after in situ stabilization of heavy metals. In conclusion, TCLP and sequential extraction test appear to be promising surrogate measure of metal bioavailability in soils for several environment endpoints.     

Effect of metal spiking on different chemical pools and chemically extractable fractions of heavy metals in sewage sludge

A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of metal spiking and incubation on some properties and sequentially extractable chemical pools of some heavy metals (F1, two extractions with 0.1 M Sr(NO3)2; F2, one extraction with 1 M NaOAc (pH 5.0); F3, three extractions with 5% NaOCl (pH 8.5) at 90-95 degrees C; F4, three extractions with 0.2 M oxalic acid + 0.2 M ammonium oxalate + 0.1 M ascorbic acid (pH 3.0); and F5, dissolution of sample residue in HF-HClO4 (residual fraction,) and also 1 M CaCl2 and 0.005 M DTPA extractable heavy metals in sewage sludge. Metal spiking and incubation decreased pH and easily oxidizable organic C content of sludge but increased electrical conductivity. Metal spiking and incubation increased F1 fraction of all heavy metals, F2 fraction of Ni, Pb, Cu, and Cd, F3 fraction of Pb, Cu, and Cd, F4 or reducible fraction of Ni, Cu, and Cd and residual fraction of Zn and Pb, but decreased F2 fraction of Zn, F3 of Zn and Ni, F4 fraction of Zn and F5 fraction of Ni, Cu, and Cd. Metal spiking and incubation increased 1 M CaCl2 and 0.005 M DTPA extractable amounts of all heavy metals in sludge except for 0.005 M DTPA extractable Zn, which registered only very marginal decrease.     

Heavy metal leaching from aerobic and anaerobic landfill bioreactors of co-disposed municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and shredded low-organic residues

In this study, heavy metal leaching from aerobic and anaerobic landfill bioreactor test cells for co-disposed municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash and shredded low-organic residues has been investigated. Test cells were operated for 1 year. Heavy metals which were comparatively higher in leachate of aerobic cell were copper (Cu), lead (Pb), boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe), and those apparently lower were aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V). However, no significant release of heavy metals under aerobic conditions was observed compared to anaerobic and control cells. Furthermore, there was no meaningful correlation between oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and heavy metal concentrations in the leachates although some researchers speculate that aeration may result in excessive heavy metal leaching. No meaningful correlation between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and leaching of Cu and Pb was another interesting observation. The only heavy metal that exceeded the state discharge limits (10mg/l, to be enforced after April 2005) in the aerobic cell leachate samples was boron and there was no correlation between boron leaching and ORP. Higher B levels in aerobic cell should be due to comparatively lower pH values in this cell. However, it is anticipated that this slightly increased concentrations of B (maximum 25mg/l) will not create a risk for bioreactor operation; rather it should be beneficial for long-term stability of the landfill through faster washout. It was concluded that aerobization of landfills of heavy metal rich MSWI bottom ash and shredded residues is possible with no dramatic increase in heavy metals in the leachate.     

Chelant extraction of heavy metals from contaminated soils.

The current state of the art regarding the use of chelating agents to extract heavy metal contaminants has been addressed. Results are presented for treatability studies conducted as worst-case and representative soils from Aberdeen Proving Ground's J-Field for extraction of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The particle size distribution characteristics of the soils determined from hydrometer tests are approximately 60% sand, 30% silt, and 10% clay. Sequential extractions were performed on the 'as-received' soils (worst case and representative) to determine the speciation of the metal forms. The technique speciates the heavy metal distribution into an easily extractable (exchangeable) form, carbonates, reducible oxides, organically-bound, and residual forms. The results indicated that most of the metals are in forms that are amenable to soil washing (i.e. exchangeable+carbonate+reducible oxides). The metals Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr have greater than 70% of their distribution in forms amenable to soil washing techniques, while Cd, Mn, and Fe are somewhat less amenable to soil washing using chelant extraction. However, the concentrations of Cd and Mn are low in the contaminated soil. From the batch chelant extraction studies, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) were all effective in removing copper, lead, and zinc from the J-Field soils. Due to NTA being a Class II carcinogen, it is not recommended for use in remediating contaminated soils. EDTA and citric acid appear to offer the greatest potential as chelating agents to use in soil washing the Aberdeen Proving Ground soils. The other chelating agents studied (gluconate, oxalate, Citranox, ammonium acetate, and phosphoric acid, along with pH-adjusted water) were generally ineffective in mobilizing the heavy metals from the soils. The chelant solution removes the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cr, As, and Hg) simultaneously. Using a multiple-stage batch extraction, the soil was successfully treated passing both the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and EPA Total Extractable Metal Limit. The final residual Pb concentration was about 300 mg/kg, with a corresponding TCLP of 1.5 mg/l. Removal of the exchangeable and carbonate fractions for Cu and Zn was achieved during the first extraction stage, whereas it required two extraction stages for the same fractions for Pb. Removal of Pb, Cu, and Zn present as exchangeable, carbonates, and reducible oxides occurred between the fourth- and fifth-stage extractions. The overall removal of copper, lead, and zinc from the multiple-stage washing were 98.9%, 98.9%, and 97.2%, respectively. The concentration and operating conditions for the soil washing extractions were not necessarily optimized. If the conditions had been optimized and using a more representative Pb concentration (approximately 12000 mg/kg), it is likely that the TCLP and residual heavy metal soil concentrations could be achieved within two to three extractions. The results indicate that the J-Field contaminated soils can be successfully treated using a soil washing technique.     

Application of EDTA decontamination on soils affected by mining activities and impact of treatment on the geochemical partition of metal contaminants

Two soil samples were collected at mining areas located in southern Hunan Province, China. EDTA extraction of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd from these two tailing soils was studied using column leaching experiments. The redistributions of heavy metals (HMs) were determined using the modified BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure, before and after EDTA extraction. The results indicated that EDTA was an effective extractant because of its strong chelating ability for various HMs. The proportions of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in the four fractions varied largely after EDTA extraction. The extraction efficiency of EDTA of the acid-extractable fraction (AEX) was significant in shallow soil column, while in deeper soil column, decrease of the extraction efficiency of reduced (RED), oxidizable (OX) and residual fractions (RES) was obtained, which was mainly due to the decrease of EDTA concentration.     

Total concentrations and speciation of heavy metals in municipal sludge from Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in middle-south region of China

The presence of heavy metals in municipal sludge restricts its use for agricultural purposes. In this paper, the bioavailability and eco-toxicity of heavy metals in municipal sludge was evaluated, taking into consideration both the speciation of metals and the local environmental characteristics. The dewatered municipal sludge samples were collected from five sewage plants in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan respectively, which are representative cities with characteristics of the middle-south region of China. Some agricultural significant parameters and total metal concentrations in the sludge were determined and the metal speciation was studied by using BCR sequential extraction procedure. It was found experimentally that in general the municipal sludge collected from the five sewage plants was rich in organics, N and P. Except that the sludge from Xia Wan Sewage Treatment Plant showed higher concentrations of heavy metals, the sludge from other plants all showed a low total content of heavy metals with only Cd slightly exceeding the permitted values of the national application standard of acid soil in China (GB18918-2002). The sequential extraction results showed that Cu and Zn were principally distributed in the oxidizable fraction, which meant a high potential toxicity, but the bioavailability of Zn might be overestimated to the soil of Hunan. Pb was mainly in the residual fraction. The distribution of Cd showed no obvious characteristics.     

Stabilization of an elevated heavy metal contaminated site

Heavy metal contamination is a common problem that is encountered at many uncontrolled sites. Immobilization is seen as a promising technology for heavy metal remediation. Here, we report a remediation case study of an elevated and multi-metal contaminated site containing Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. In a laboratory test, when the soil was stabilized with reagent grade stabilizers (CaHPO(4) and CaCO(3)), the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extractable concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were reduced by more than 87%. The greatest reduction was shown with Pb (99.8%). In the field, Ca(H(2)PO(4))(2) due to lower cost and higher solubility replaced CaHPO(4). The TCLP results of the field treatment showed that the extractable concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were significantly reduced after 30 days of stabilization. The reduction ratios were 98% (Cd), 97% (Cu), 99% (Pb), and 96% (Zn). Although, the reduction ratio of Ni was only 65%, the average extractable concentration was still less than 4.0mg/l. The percent reduction can, therefore, be considered reasonable. The significant reduction of extractable metal concentrations showed that the stabilizers, a combination of Ca(H(2)PO(4))(2) and CaCO(3), successfully immobilized heavy metals on the site.     

Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables near an e-waste processing site, South China

Environmental pollution due to uncontrolled e-waste recycling activities has been reported in a number of locations of China. In the present study, metal pollution to the surrounding environment from a primitive e-waste processing facility was investigated. Soils at sites where e-waste is burned in the open air, those of surrounding paddy fields and vegetable gardens, as well as common vegetable samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals. The results showed that the soils of former incineration sites had the highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn with mean values of 17.1, 11,140, 4500, and 3690 mg kg(-1), respectively. The soils of nearby paddy fields and vegetable gardens also had relatively high concentrations of Cd and Cu. In the edible tissues of vegetables, the concentrations of Cd and Pb in most samples exceeded the maximum level permitted for food in China. Sequential leaching tests revealed that the Cu, Pb, and Zn were predominantly associated with the residual fraction, followed by the carbonate/specifically adsorbed phases with the exception of Cd, which was mainly in the extractable form in paddy fields and vegetable soils. The data showed that uncontrolled e-waste processing operations caused serious pollution to local soils and vegetables. The cleaning up of former incineration sites should be a priority in any future remediation program.     

Influence of EDTA washing on the species and mobility of heavy metals residual in soils

Aiming to estimate the potential risk of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-enhanced soil washing, the heavy metal species and their mobility in the washed soil under different combinations were investigated by batch leaching tests and the sequential extraction procedure. Results demonstrate that the metal removal efficiency was rather low (less than 12%), partially due to the significant Ca dissolution and strong bonding between metals and the soil as well as the insufficient EDTA dosage. The washing combination of 0.0005 M EDTA and half-an-hour washing can enhance the instant mobility of Ni, Zn and Pb possibly owing to the slow detachment of EDTA-destabilized metals. Metal fractionation also exhibits the corresponding increase in their labile exchangeable fractions. Therefore, a more concentrated EDTA solution for a longer duration often decreased their mobility. The increase in some fractions of a curtain metal implies the redistribution of this metal during the EDTA soil washing. The pathway of such a redistribution may vary for different metals, but the redistribution to organic matter is often a slow process, while that to carbonates or Fe/Mn oxides is a faster one and even may occur in a half hour washing with 0.0005 M EDTA solution. These redistribution processes may also increase the metal chemical availability. Therefore, we should prudently control the chelating reagent concentration and washing duration to finally minimize the mobility and availability of the remaining heavy metals when designing the soil washing for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils.     

Assessment of the metal pollution, potential toxicity and speciation of sediment from Algeciras Bay (South of Spain) using chemometric tools

A study to determine total and mobile heavy metals concentrations in sediments from Algeciras Bay was performed and pollution hotspots were identified. The effects on aquatic organisms were established using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). Ni and Cr exceeded the effect range medium and low levels, respectively, around industrial area. Potential toxicity of metals was determined by diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA) extractions and low alert levels of Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni and Pb were exceeded at most sampling sites. Three pollution indicators were used showing significant values for As, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd. Sediment speciation using the sequential extraction BCR procedure was carried out, being Cd, Zn, Pb and As the most available metals. Principal component, cluster and ANOVA analyses were performed in order to assess the sources of metals and the influence of seasonality and anthropogenic activities on the sediment quality. Two principal component analysis (PCA) factors were obtained identifying the sampling sites affected by anthropogenic activities; Ni-Cr and Zn-Cu-V clusters were also obtained associated with stainless steel and petrochemical industrial activities. ANOVA showed the outstanding sites because of total metal concentration and significant differences among sampling sites by the acid extractable and reducible fractions for all metals except for Ba and V.     

Monitoring of electrokinetic removal of heavy metals in tailing-soils using sequential extraction analysis

This research focused on the monitoring of the electrokinetic removal of heavy metals from tailing-soils, and emphasizes the dependency of removal efficiencies upon their physico-chemical states, as demonstrated by the different extraction methods adopted, which included aqua regia and sequential extraction. The tailing-soils examined contained high concentrations of target metal contaminants (Cd=179mgkg(-1), Cu=207mgkg(-1), Pb=5175mgkg(-1), and Zn=7600mgkg(-1)). The removal efficiencies of the different metals were significantly influenced by their speciations, mobilities and affinities (adsorption capacities) in the soil matrix. The removal efficiencies of mobile and weakly bound fractions, such as the exchangeable fraction were more than 90% by electrokinetic treatment, but strongly bound fractions, such as the organically bound species and residual fraction were not significantly removed (less than 30% removal efficiencies). In accordance with the general sequence of mobilities of heavy metals in soils, the removal efficiencies of more mobile heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) were higher than that of less mobile heavy metal (Pb).     

Role of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. (var. Vaibhav) in the phytoextraction of Ni from soil amended with fly ash: selection of extractant for metal bioavailability

A pot experiment was carried out to study the potential of the plant of Brassica juncea for the phytoextraction of metal from fly ash amended soil and to study correlation between different pool of metals (total, DTPA, CaCl(2) and NH(4)NO(3)) and metal accumulated in the plant in order to assess better extractant for plant available metals. The results of total metal analysis in the soil revealed the presence of Cr, which was found below detection limit (BDL) in the plants. The fly ash (FA) amendments and soil samples were extracted with different extractants and the level of metal vary from one extractant to another. The regression analysis between total and extractable metals showed better regression for all the tested metals except Mn (R(2)=0.001) in DTPA extraction. Correlation coefficient between metal accumulation by the plant tissues and different pool of metals showed better correlation with DTPA in case of Fe, Zn and Ni, whereas, Cu was significantly correlated with NH(4)NO(3) and other metals (Pb, Mn) with CaCl(2). The soil analysis results revealed that the mobility and plant availability of metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni) within the profiles of amended soils was influenced by the change in pH, however, Pb and Cu was not affected. The metal accumulation in total plant tissues was found in the order of Fe>Ni>Zn>Mn>Cu>Pb and its translocation was found more in upper part. The plants grown on soil amended with 25%FA have shown significant increase in plant biomass, shoot and plant height, whereas, no significant effect was observed in root length. The cluster analysis showed 10%FA behave differently on the basis of physico-chemical properties and metal behavior. Thus, it may be concluded that B. juncea can be used for phytoextraction of metals, especially Ni in fly ash amendment soil.     

Influence of flue gas SO2 on the toxicity of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash after accelerated carbonation stabilization

The influence of CO₂ content and SO₂ presence on the leaching toxicity of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash was studied by examining the carbonation reaction of MSWI fly ash with different combinations of simulated incineration flue gases. Compared with raw ash, the leaching solution pH of carbonated ash decreased by almost 1 unit and the leaching concentrations of heavy metals were generally lower, with that of Pb decreasing from 19.45 mg/L (raw ash) to 4.08 mg/L (1# carbonated ash). The presence of SO₂ in the incineration flue gas increased the leaching concentrations of heavy metals from the fly ash to different extents after the carbonation stabilization reaction. The pH of the leaching solution was the main factor influencing the leaching concentrations of heavy metals. The increase in buffer capacity with the pH of carbonated ash caused an increase in heavy metal stability after the carbonation reaction. Accelerated carbonation stabilization of MSWI fly ash could reduce its long-term leaching concentrations (toxicity) of Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn. The leaching concentrations of heavy metals from carbonated ash also likely had better long-term stability than those from raw ash. The presence of SO₂ in the incineration flue gas increased the proportion of exchangeable state species of heavy metals; slightly increased the long-term leaching toxicity of Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn; and reduced the long-term stability of these metals in the fly ash after the carbonation reaction.     

The use of Aleppo pine needles as a bio-monitor of heavy metals in the atmosphere

The needles of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis L.) tree were tested as a possible bio-monitor of heavy metal pollution in Amman City, Jordan. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn were determined in soils, unwashed and washed needles collected from different sites of the city, viz. industrial, residential and on the roadside of a busy high way. The analyte concentrations were compared with that of samples from the control site (uncontaminated area that was 60 km away from Amman City). The results of the investigation indicate that the industrial site has high levels of the metal pollutants except for Pb and Cu which is much higher on samples from the roadside. The highest concentrations were registered for Pb and Zn where 10 and 1210 microgg(-1), respectively, were found in soil, thereby leading into the contamination factor of 13 and 17 as compared with samples from the control site. The results obtained indicate that P. halepensis L. needles are useful bio-monitor of the heavy metals in the arid environment.     

Heavy metal contamination in highway soils. Comparison of Corpus Christi,Texas and Cincinnati,Ohio shows organic matter is key to mobility

Heavy metal content of roadside soil samples from along the interstate highway systems in Corpus Christi, Texas and Cincinnati, Ohio was measured to assess the degree of contamination such soils contain and the likelihood that this contamination can be remobilized. High values of Ba, Cu, Pb, and Zn can be attributed to anthropogenic effects related to motor vehicles, whereas Cr and Ni variations are best ascribed to natural processes. The anthropogenic substances are strongly correlated to the amount of organic matter in the soil. Sequential extraction experiments, however, show that this organic matter is not extractable by agents that normally solubilize soil organic matter, so these metals are bound to an insoluble form of organic matter that is itself probably anthropogenic. The insolubility of the heavy metals and Ba indicates that these constituents are not likely to move in solution to water supplies, but they would still be subject to physical remobilization by roadway maintenance or even by grass mowing. Inhalation of small dust particles poses a potential health hazard to highway maintenance workers that needs to be assessed. Electronic Publication     

重金属铅镉对洋葱根系生长的影响

针对土壤重金属污染影响作物生长和食品安全的问题,采取水培法,研究在不同种类和不同浓度重金属胁迫下,洋葱根系、根尖细胞有丝分裂、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等生理指标的变化,总结重金属对洋葱根系影响的机制。结果表明：铅和镉对洋葱根系的生长均有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增大而增强;在铅和镉胁迫下洋葱根尖细胞大部分处于有丝分裂的间期和前期;较高浓度的铅、镉使洋葱根尖细胞的细胞核畸变;POD酶、CAT酶活力随着镉浓度的增加而增加,随着铅浓度的增加而降低。洋葱根系能对重金属铅、镉的胁迫产生相应的生理响应机制,为重金属污染对植物影响的研究提供了理论基础和客观依据。     

Bioavailability of heavy metals monitoring water, sediments and fish species from a polluted estuary

Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As) were measured in water, sediment and two fish species, Sparus aurata and Solea senegalensis, from the estuary of Tinto and Odiel rivers in Huelva (Spain), one of the most metallic polluted estuaries in Europe. As a forward step to understand metal bioavailability and assess the potential impact on aquatic biota, a study of heavy metal speciation of sediments and water were achieved. High levels of total and dissolved Zn and Cu were found in water and high pollution of Zn, Pb, As and Cu were found in sediments. Availability of metals was established as following ranking: Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb in both water and sediment. In addition, the effect of this pollution was studied by evaluation of metal bioaccumulations and correlations obtained between metal levels in fractions of water and sediment and metal levels in fish tissues. High Cu and Zn levels were observed in liver tissue of both species, in according with higher total content and more available metals in water and sediment. Correlations among metal content in tissues and different fractions of metal in water for S. aurata and sediment for S. senegalensis were found.     

杭州下沙河道底泥重金属检测及污染分析

检测了杭州下沙河网区18条河道表层底泥重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni的含量,分析了研究区域内的重金属污染情况,并用潜在生态危害指数法对河道底泥重金属污染情况进行评价,通过聚类分析法分析重金属的空间分布特征.结果表明,Cd污染最严重,超标率为94.44%,平均超标倍数为16.50,Cd的平均潜在生态风险为很高风险,Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni的平均潜在生态风险为低风险,重金属平均综合潜在生态风险属于高风险.重金属聚类分析结果显示Cd、Ni、Pb三种元素相关性显著,应受同一污染源因素影响;采样点聚类分析结果显示下沙河网河道底泥重金属污染分布较为均匀.