W波段二次谐波回旋振荡器

针对谐波回旋管互作用效率低的问题, 以自洽非线性理论为基本工具, 系统地分析了三个关键因素, 即互作用腔体长度(Q值)、电子注的横纵速度比和工作电压对二次谐波互作用系统性能的影响.研究发现当工作磁场选择在硬激发区时, 通过综合调节电子注的横纵速度比和工作电压能够获得较高的互作用效率.基于自洽非线性理论优化设计了一个W波段二次谐波回旋振荡器, 粒子模拟(PIC)结果显示当电子注速度离散３％, 工作电压37 kV, 电流4 A时, 输出效率达到了39.5%.     

0.5THz二次谐波同轴回旋管的设计

二次谐波回旋管所需磁场仅为基模的一半,极大地降低了对工作磁场的要求.基于回旋管线性和自洽非线性理论设计了一只0.5 THz回旋管,采用TE56模为工作模式,分析了多项关键参数对注波互作用效率的影响,当其工作电压为49 kV,工作电流为5A,工作磁场为时9.94 T,效率为22.52％,输出功率可达55 kW.     

3mm二次谐波回旋振荡管设计与数值模拟

二次谐波回旋振荡管的互作用磁场比基波回旋振荡管的磁场降低了一半,从而降低了设计难度,具有广阔的应用前景。通过对单腔结构的W波段二次谐波回旋振荡管高频结构、起振电流、模式竞争以及注波互作用研究,确定了W波段TE02模二次谐波回旋振荡管的基本工作参数,通过粒子模拟(PIC)软件进行计算,在电子注电压为60kV,注电流为6A及速度比为1.5时,获得了67.5kW的输出功率和超过18%的效率,且工作稳定。     

220 GHz回旋速调管放大器互作用理论的研究

应用注波互作用非自洽非线性模拟程序,对220GHz回旋速调管放大器的注波互作用进行了研究;分析了工作电流、工作电压、直流磁场对电子注效率影响。模拟结果表明,设计出的双腔回旋速调管放大器的电子效率为48%,相应的输出功率为20 kW。     

Ka波段二次谐波回旋速调管放大器的研究

应用自行编制的电子注-波互作用的自洽非线性模拟程序,我们对Ka波段二次谐波回旋速调管放大器的注-波互作用进行了研究.通过对回旋速调管放大器的数值模拟,我们详细描述了二次谐波电子注-波互作用过程中电子群聚的物理图景;并研究了不同变化参数(漂移管长度和静磁场强度)对电子效率的影响.模拟结果表明:设计的二次谐波回旋速调管放大器的电子效率为15.4%,相应的输出功率约为161kW.     

W波段二次谐波回旋行波管放大器

采用谐波工作的回旋管互作用磁场比基波磁场降低了1/s,可降低整管磁场设计难度,具有较大的应用前景。通过对W波段二次谐波回旋行波管高频介质加载结构、模式竞争和注波互作用研究,确定了该放大器的工作参数。非线性模拟表明,当应用100 kV,20 A,α=1.2的电子注时,该回旋管可在91 GHz频率处产生465 kW的输出功率和49 dB的增益结果。并且,基于耦合波理论,讨论了一个轴对称半径微扰的TE02~TE01输出模式变换器,效率在95%以上时,其带宽达到4 GHz。     

35GHz三次谐波低电压回旋管理论研究

用动力学理论分析了三次谐波复合腔回旋管中的注-波互作用,选取了工作点;建立了突变复合腔回旋管的自洽非线性理论模型,该模型既考虑了电子和高频场的自洽相互作用又考虑了复合腔过渡部分模式的耦合,基于该理论模型,对一只三次谐波35GHz突变结构复合腔回旋管中电子注与H₆₁-H₆₂高频场互作用进行了数值模拟,当电流20A,磁场为0.442T时,互作用效率为24%,输出功率为210kW.     

W波段低电压三次谐波回旋振荡管

回旋振荡管采用三次谐波工作方式的互作用磁场只有基波状态磁场的三分之一,可有效降低设计难度,具有广阔的应用前景。通过对三段式单腔结构的耦合系数、起振电流、高频场分布、模式竞争以及注波互作用研究,确定了工作模式为TE03的W波段低电压三次谐波回旋振荡管的基本工作参数;通过粒子模拟软件(PIC)模拟分析,在电子注电压、注电流及速度比分别为35 kV、4 A和1.6时,在93.7 GHz频点处获得15.57 kW的输出功率,效率约11.1%,且该管可在此工作模式下稳定工作。     

小回旋三次谐波0.52 THz回旋管

为了发展大功率高效率太赫兹辐射源,对小回旋电子注激励三次谐波太赫兹电子回旋脉塞进行了研究,分析了不同参数情况下的模式竞争.研究结果表明,采用近轴小回旋电子注能够实现三次谐波单模振荡.在此基础上设计了一只0.52 THz、TE37模三次谐波回旋管,数值计算表明,该回旋管在工作磁场为6.98 T下输出功率可以达到3.7 kW.对产生近轴小回旋电子注的高磁压缩比磁控注入式电子光学系统进行的粒子模拟研究结果表明,该电子枪能够产生满足实验要求的65 kV/2.5 A,横纵速度比为1.24,引导中心半径0.35 mm的小回旋电子注,其纵向速度离散6.6%,横向速度离散6.1%.     

用于受控热核聚变的兆瓦级同轴腔回旋振荡器的注-波互作用分析

相对于高阶工作模式的单腔回旋管,同轴腔回旋管具有缓解模式竞争,提高单模工作的稳定性,以及增大功率容量的优点,宜用于受控热核聚变中的电子回旋共振加热和电子回旋电流驱动而受关注.详细地研究了工作频率为170 GHz,TE_(34,11),模同轴腔回旋管的结构参数、电子束参数及腔壁损耗对注-波互作用的影响.首先对170 GHz兆瓦级功率模式选择进行分析,给出了工作模式.再次,基于时域自洽非线性理论,编写了时域单模稳态注-波互作用程序,分析了电流、磁场强度和腔壁欧姆损耗对互作用的影响,并对工作参数进行了优化.模拟结果表明:当电子束电流为68 A,工作电压为65 kV,引导磁场强度为6.58 T时,可获得2.18 MW的输出功率,49.23%的效率,外腔壁上的欧姆损耗密度峰值为1.94 kW/cm~2,内导体表面的小于0.15 W/cm~2;互作用效率随速度零散增大而降低,输出频率向下偏移;电子注厚度对互作用也有相似的影响.     

频率可调太赫兹回旋振荡管互作用电路的设计与研究

根据动态核极化核磁共振成像技术对回旋振荡管的要求,设计了130 GHz 回旋振荡管的注波互作用电路,基于线性理论对互作用电路进行了研究并选择了合适的工作点,分析了电路的频率调节特性。利用相对论电子回旋脉塞非线性理论对互作用系统进行了模拟和计算,优化了工作参数,计算了磁场及电子注参数对输出功率及效率的影响。最后,用粒子模拟方法进行了模拟并与非线性理论结果进行了比较,两者符合得很好。模拟结果显示,当电压为10 kV、电流为0.3 A、磁场强度由2.34 T 增加到2.41 T 时,输出功率由1310 W 减小到230 W,对应的效率分别为43.6%和7.7%,振荡管的频率可调范围约为2.7 GHz。     

Quasi-optical gyro-peniotron at high cyclotron harmonics

This paper proposes a new kind of device operating at short millimetre wavelength, in which RF radiation generation is based on the interaction of a beam of sub-relativistic gyrating electrons and the RF standing-wave field of a quasi-optical resonator. This device can be called ‘quasi-optical gyro-peniotron’ because it is similar in electron-beam configuration, microwave circuitry and cyclotron resonance properties to the quasi-optical gyrotron and in its operational mechanism to the peniotron. Starting from relativistic equations of motion for the electrons, the calculation formulae are derived. Using computer simulation, a beam-wave interaction efficiency of 43% is obtained for the third cyclotron harmonic at frequency 100 GHz, beam voltage 80 kV and the applied magnetic field 13·3 kG, indicating that this tube will be potentially a high-efficiency high-power source not requiring a superconduction magnet system even within the 150 GHz band.     

An Ultrahigh-order-mode, Higher-harmonic Coaxial Gyrotron Oscillator in Sub-terahertz Wave Range

A coaxial cavity gyrotron oscillator at a frequency of 0.34 THz is studied, which operates with a quite low magnetic field of 4.55 Tesla at the third cyclotron harmonic of the ultrahigh-order mode TE_43,4. Properly choosing the depth of the longitudinal corrugations on the inner rod and optimizing the electron-beam position significantly suppress the mode competition. Nonlinear multimode simulations show the feasibility of the single-mode operation with an output power of 163 kW by using an electron beam with a voltage of 70kV and a current of 30A, which corresponds to an interaction efficiency of 9.2 % with maxim density of ohmic losses 2.9 kW/cm².     

Theory of harmonic gyrotron oscillator with slotted resonant structure

A small signal theory is presented of the harmonic gyrotron oscillator with a slotted resonator. The magnetron-type wall structure has the effect of creating a strong harmonic field near the electron orbits and, as a result, greatly reducing the beam voltage and start-oscillation power required for harmonic operations. Characteristics of operation and methods of optimization are studied and numerically illustrated. It is shown that at a given harmonic the startoscillation beam power is lower at a lower beam voltage.     

28GHz二次谐波回旋振荡管的自洽非线性计算

中等功率的连续波回旋管在工业领域有着重要的应用前景．本文对工作在28GHz频率的工业应用回旋振荡管进行了自洽非线性计算．结果表明,在二次谐波工作条件下,选取TE02模式,当电压为32kV、电流为6A时,可以获得连续波输出功率-50kW,效率-28％．     

Measurement of frequency shift in a gyrotron oscillator

A ballistic model of the interaction mechanism in gyrotron amplifiers and oscillators has been discussed in prior communications. It is the objective of the present contribution to support such purely theoretical investigations with some experimental evidence. In this connection it has been decided to measure the output frequency of a gyrotron oscillator and note its shift from the resonance frequency of the cavity when ‘cold’. According to the ballistic interaction model the frequency shift is a function of the beam current, the anode voltage and the axial magnetic field. It is shown that, except for a single parameter which depends on the exact value of the electromagnetic energy stored in the cavity, reasonable agreement can be achieved between theoretical predictions and the corresponding experimental results. A single-cavity gyrotron oscillator operating in a TE₀₂ mode has been used in the investigations.     

太赫兹二次谐波回旋振荡管

针对应用于动态核极化核磁共振成像的太赫兹回旋振荡器管展开研究,采用相对论电子回旋脉塞非线性理论分析0.46 THz 回旋振荡管互作用系统的动力学行为,研究系统模式竞争问题。优化器件系统参数以获得较高的注-波能量转化效率。利用粒子模拟(PIC)方法验证非线性动力学研究结果,模拟结果显示当工作电压为12 kV、工作电流为0.24 A 时,输出功率和效率分别为173 W 和6%。若采用降压收集极后,则整管效率可进一步提高至14.4%。     

BEAM-WAVE INTERACTION ANALYSIS IN THE COUPLED DOUBLE CAVITY GYROTRON OSCILLATOR

general equation of electron-wave synchronous interaction is obtained in gyrotron oscillator,in which the effects of guiding center drift and phase of RF field profile is considered.The interactionefficiency is calculated for the second harmonic operation of single TE_(021) mode for a double cavity gyrotronoscillator model,in which the RF field profile and operating parameters of the gyrotron oscillator areregulated in order to get optimum efficiency.It is shown that the efficiency of 53 percent can be obtained for a=1.5.The characteristic of the double cavity configuration is discussed.The bunching processes of thedouble cavities are compared with that of single cavity.The effects of guiding center drift and RF field profilephase on the beam-wave interaction are analysed.