CdS薄膜的可见和近红外光谱性能研究

在康宁7059玻璃衬底上采用磁控溅射、化学水浴和近空间升华法制备CdS薄膜,在FTO、ITO、AZO衬底上采用磁控溅射法制备CdS薄膜.分别对两组CdS薄膜的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了研究,结果表明:采用不同工艺和衬底条件制备的CdS薄膜具有不同的形貌和结构,并表现出不同的光学性能.对于不同的制备技术,化学水浴法制备的CdS薄膜在520~820 nm范围的光谱平均透过率最高,光学带隙最大为2.418 eV,磁控溅射法制备的CdS薄膜在820~1200 nm和520~1200 nm范围的光谱平均透过率最高.对于不同的衬底条件,在FTO衬底上磁控溅射制备的CdS薄膜在820~1200 nm和520~1200 nm范围的光谱平均透过率最高.     

CdS薄膜的真空热蒸发制备及在CIGS薄膜太阳电池中的应用

采用真空热蒸发(VTE)的方法制备了CdS多晶薄膜,研究了不同衬底温度对其微观结构与光电性能的影响。结果显示,不同衬底温度下制备的CdS薄膜均属于六方相多晶结构且具有(002)择优取向;随着衬底温度的升高,(002)特征衍射峰强度增加,半高宽变小,相应薄膜结晶度增大;由CdS薄膜的透射光谱可知,在500~1 000nm波段平均透过率均超过80%,光学带隙随着衬底温度的升高而增大(2.44~2.56eV),表明真空热蒸发方法制备的CdS薄膜可以作为CIGS薄膜太阳电池的缓冲层。将真空热蒸发法制备CdS薄膜与磁控溅射法制备CIGS薄膜太阳电池相结合,在同一真空室内得到了CIGS薄膜太阳电池器件,为CIGS薄膜太阳电池的工业化推广提供了新途径。     

不同方法及衬底类型对CdS多晶薄膜性能的影响

采用化学水浴法和磁控溅射法分别在AZO、FTO、ITO透明导电玻璃衬底上制备了CdS薄膜,利用扫描电镜、XRD以及透射光谱等测试手段,研究了两种制备方法对不同衬底生长CdS薄膜形貌、结构和光学性能的影响.研究结果表明,不同方法制备的CdS薄膜表面形貌均依赖于衬底的类型,水浴法制备的CdS薄膜晶粒度较大,表面相对粗糙.不同方法制备的CdS薄膜均为立方相和六角相的混相结构,溅射法制备的多晶薄膜衍射峰清晰、尖锐,结晶性较好.水浴法制备的CdS薄膜透过率整体低于溅射法,但在短波处优势明显.     

CdS/CdTe异质结复合薄膜的制备及其性能表征

在玻璃衬底上依次采用化学水浴法(CBD)和真空蒸发工艺沉积CdS和CdTe薄膜,并在不同条件下进行热处理,制备了CdTe/CdS异质结复合薄膜。利用XRD、SEM、AFM和UV-VIS透射光谱对薄膜的结构、表面形貌、剖面及光学性能进行了研究。结果表明:以玻璃衬底和CdS薄膜作为衬底沉积的CdTe多晶薄膜结构相似,均具有(1l1)面择优取向;不同条件下制备的薄膜致密且粒径均匀,随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜晶粒增大明显,并出现CdS层减薄的现象,但薄膜的粗糙度也随之增大;CdCl2氛围下热处理后,薄膜粒径增大,粗糙度明显降低,其(111)晶面的择优取向进一步增强,且透过率下降,这对于提高太阳电池的光谱响应是非常有利的。     

飞秒激光制备CdS薄膜滤波器的研究

采用脉冲飞秒激光沉积方法,在石英衬底上制备了CdS薄膜滤波器.研究显示衬底温度在100～600℃范围内变化对CdS薄膜衬底的结构及光学特性有重要影响,在450℃的衬底温度下所生长的CdS薄膜具有较好的结构质量,该薄膜在500nm附近具有较陡的吸收带边及良好的光学滤波性能.     

飞秒激光制备CdS薄膜滤波器的研究

采用脉冲飞秒激光沉积方法,在石英衬底上制备了CdS薄膜滤波器.研究显示衬底温度在100～600℃范围内变化对CdS薄膜衬底的结构及光学特性有重要影响,在450℃的衬底温度下所生长的CdS薄膜具有较好的结构质量,该薄膜在500nm附近具有较陡的吸收带边及良好的光学滤波性能.     

磁控溅射生长SiC薄膜的拉曼光谱研究

用射频磁控溅射法在Si(100)和玻璃衬底上制备出衬底温度分别为300,450,600℃的碳化硅薄膜,并对薄膜进行了拉曼光谱和原子力显微镜测试分析。结果表明,用溅射法在玻璃衬底上生长出微晶SiC(μc-SiC)薄膜和在Si(100)衬底上生长出立方碳化硅(β-SiC)薄膜。并且薄膜材料的结晶度随着衬底温度的升高而改善。     

傅里叶变换红外拉曼光谱检测半导体薄膜下衬底特性

高质量半导体薄膜是制备高性能光电器件的基础,其光电子性质很大程度受衬底所制约,实验检测薄膜下衬底性质,有助于薄膜生长优化.然而,表面薄膜覆盖后的衬底特性检测通常受到严重制约.报道一种傅里叶变换拉曼光谱方法,利用低光子能量红外激发光的深穿透特性,降低薄膜影响,有效获取薄膜下半导体衬底的拉曼散射信息.GaAs上外延CdTe...     

电子束蒸发法制备CdS多晶薄膜及其结构和光学性质

采用电子束蒸发法在玻璃衬底上制备了具有较高结晶度和优异透光性能的CdS多晶薄膜,对制备样品的结构和光学性质进行了表征。结果表明,制备薄膜属于六方相多晶结构,沿（002）晶向择优取向生长。此外,随着衬底温度的升高,样品结晶质量先提高后降低,与薄膜厚度变化有关。紫外-可见透过谱显示,随着衬底温度的升高,薄膜的光吸收边趋于陡直,但光学带隙呈现波动变化,分布在2.389-2.448 eV之间。对样品进行光致发光谱测试表明,CdS薄膜发光锋展宽严重,仅在1.60 eV附近有一个微弱的红光发射。论文对上述实验结果进行了分析和讨论。     

不同柔性衬底上CdS薄膜退火前后的性能比较

采用磁控溅射法分别在柔性PI衬底、柔性AZO衬底和柔性ITO衬底上制备CdS薄膜,并在干燥空气中以CdCl2为源380℃退火,分别研究了不同柔性衬底及退火工艺对CdS薄膜形貌、结构和光学性能的影响。研究结果表明:退火前在不同柔性衬底上的CdS薄膜形貌依赖于衬底类型,退火后CdS薄膜的晶粒再结晶,晶粒度增大明显,且不再依赖于衬底类型。不同柔性衬底上CdS薄膜均为立方相和六角相的混相结构,退火后,六角相比例增大,薄膜的结晶质量提高。透过率退火后改善明显,其中,在柔性AZO衬底上的CdS薄膜透过率超过80%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks